ATI CRITICAL CARE PROCTORED EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE SOLUTION

ATI CRITICAL CARE PROCTORED EXAM 1 QUESTI ONS AND ANSWERS 2023 -2024 COMPLETE SOLUTION A patient with an acid -base imbalance has an altered potassium level. The nurse recognizes that the potassium level is altered because a. Potassium is returned to extracellular fluid when metabolic acidosis is corrected. b. Hyperkalemia causes an alkalosis that results in potassium being shifted into the cells. c. Acidosis causes hydrogen ions in the blood to be exchanged for potassium from the cells. d. In alkalosis, potassium is shifted into extracellular fluid to bind excessive bicarbonate. A patient has the following ABG results: pH 7.48, PaO2 86 mm Hg, PaCO2 44 mm Hg, HCO3 29 mEq/L. When assessing the patient, the nurse would expect the patient to have a. Muscle cramping b. Warm, flushed skin c. Respiratory rate of 36 d. Blood pressure of 94/52 A patient with a head injury has an arterial BP of 92/50 mm Hg and ICP of 18 mm Hg. How should the nurse interpret the results? a. The CPP is so low that brain death is imminent. b. The CPP is low, and the BP should be increased. c. The CPP is high, and the ICP should be reduced. d. The CPP is adequate for normal cerebral blood flow. What is the most common buffer system in the body? a. Plasma protein b. Hemoglobin c. Phosphate d. Bicarbonate -carbonic acid A patient with increased ICP is positioned in a lateral position with the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees. The nurse evaluates a need for lowering the head of the bed when the patient experiences a. ptosis of the eyelid. b. unexpected vomiting. c. a decrease in motor functions. d. decreasing level of consciousness . Which individual is at greatest risk for experiencing a stroke? a. A 46 -year-old white female with hypertension and oral contraceptive use for 10 years b. A 58 -year-old white male salesman who has a total cholesterol level of 285 mg/dl c. A 42 -year-old African American female with diabetes mellitus who has smoked for 30 years d. A 62 -year-old African American male with hypertension who is 35 pounds overweight What are expected patient outcomes for a patient recovering from a hemorrhagic stroke? a. Exhibits absence of vasospasm b. Residual aphasia c. One to four seizures d. Complains of visual changes What intervention would not be included in aspiration precautions for a patient in the acute phase of a stroke? a. Referral to speech therapy b. Have patient tuck their chin toward the chest when swallowing c. Thickened fluids or pureed diet d. Raise HOB to 30 degrees when feeding The ventilator settings for a patient on a volume ventilator include a synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) mode with 5 cm H2O PEEP. After 3 hours of ventilation, the patient's PaO2 has dropped from 82 mm Hg to 74 mm Hg. The most accurate interpretation of this finding by the nurse is that: a. The patient's respiratory rate may be decreasing, lowering the oxygen content of the blood . b. The ventilator is creating high intrathoracic pressure, suppressing venous return and cardiac output. c. The tidal volume provided by the ventilator is too high, increasing the amount of CO2 being exhaled. d. The pressure applied by PEEP requires an increased fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) to maintain oxygenation. Which patient is at highest risk for hypoxemic respiratory failure? a. A patient who has respiratory muscle paralysis b. A patient who has fractured ribs and a flail chest c. A patient who has a massive pulmonary embolism d. A patient who has slow breathing from a drug overdose