What changes in HC during 19th century lead to Modern HC system?
•Began to professionalize health care workforce working in specialized
institutions to deliver health care services
•Health care research sector that advances diagnosis and treatment
•Industry that provides health care supplies and therapeutics
•Began a classification and data-collection system to evaluate health care
performance
HC in America at turn of 20th century.
Doctors were mostly solo practitioners
Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit•Long-term
care for the elderly was largely home-based•Pharmaceutical and medical
device manufacturing was small business.Health care was a minor part of
the economy
What is the AMA?
American Medical Association founded in 1847.
What did the AMA accomplish?
Established standards for preliminary medical education for the degree of
MD, code of medical ethics, recommended use of anesthetic agents for
surgery/obstetrics, noted the dangers of secret remedies, and
recommended the state govs register births, marriages, and deaths.
Experience rating
Rating system that bases insurance rates on claims history
tailors policies and premiums to a particular group or individual
Blue Cross plans were established?
to provide "prepaid" hospital care to workers in the Dallas public school
system
, Community Rating
refers to insurance pricing whereby everyone in same geographic area pays
the same premium.
What is HIPAA?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
How does HIPAA affect HC?
Brought about a number of significant improvements in access to health
coverage by mandating: portability of coverage, insurance coverage for at
least a 2-day hospital stay for women who give birth (4 for c-section), and
mental health.
EMTALA is designed to?
Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act- 1986. Fillings gaps in
healthcare coverage.
dumping
refers to situations when hospitals deny emergency medical screening and
stabilization services. It also refers to instances when a hospital transfers
an individual to another hospital after discovering that the individual does
not have insurance or a means to pay for treatment.
What is the Hill-Burton Act?
Community hospitals built with federal funds
What were some of the major pressures on HC in last half of the 20th
century?
•access to health care•Provide health insurance in order that patients can
afford care, and providers are compensated for their services•Build
facilities, particularly hospitals, needed to provide health care