Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity Of Form & Function, 8th Edition (Ch. 3: Cellular Form and Function) Questions & Answers 2023/2024

Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity Of Form & Function, 8th Edition (Ch. 3: Cellular Form and Function) Questions & Answers 2023/2024 cytology - ANSWER-scientific study of cells cell theory - ANSWER-the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms cells - ANSWER--functions: fight disease, store nutrients, connect things, line things, gather information and control body functions, involved in reproduction -structure: *nuclear envelope -> nucleus -> nucleolus *plasma membrane *cytoplasm -> cytoskeleton, organelles, inclusions, cytosol intracellular fluid - ANSWER-fluid within cells; cytosol extracellular fluid - ANSWER-fluid outside the cell; tissue fluid (ex. blood plasma, lymph, and cerebrospinal fluid cytoplasm - ANSWER-fluid between the nucleus and surface membrane; contains the cytoskeleton, organelles, and inclusions plasma (cell) membrane - ANSWER--stick cells together to form tissues; regulates exchange of materials that go in and out of a cell; involved in intracellular communication; gives cell its shape -made of proteins, lipids, & carbohydrates; phospholipids are major components; semi-permeable membrane cytoskeleton - ANSWER--supportive framework of protein filaments and tubules -network of protein filaments and cylinders that structurally support a cell, determine its shape, organize its contents, direct the movement of materials within the cell, and contribute to movements of the cell as a whole -composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules organelles - ANSWER-diverse structures that perform various metabolic tasks for the cell inclusions - ANSWER--highly variable - fat droplets, glycogen granules, protein crystals, dust, bacteria, viruses; never enclosed in membranes -foreign matter retained in cytoplasm -(function) storage products or other products of cellular metabolism phospholipids - ANSWER-75% of membrane molecules of the plasma membrane; drift laterally from place to place, spin on their axes, and flex their tails glycolipids - ANSWER-5% of membrane lipids molecules of the plasma membrane; phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains on the extracellular face of the membrane; help form the glycocalyx cholesterol - ANSWER-20% of membrane lipids molecules of the plasma membrane; molecules found near the membrane surfaces amid the phospholipids; interact with phospholipids and hold them still and stiffen the membrane; high concentrations can increase membrane fluidity by preventing phospholipids from becoming packed closely together integral proteins - A....