TNCC 8th Edition
What are the greatest risks for transport? - ✔✔✔Loss of airway patency, displaced obstructive tubes
lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices, need to replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration in
patient status change in vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the patient and/or team members
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? - ✔✔✔Neither. For each
force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the relationship between mass and velocity to kinetic energy? - ✔✔✔Kinetic energy is equal to
1/2 the mass multiplied the square of its velocity therefore when mass is doubled so is the net energy,
however, when velocity is doubled energy is quadrupled.
What is tension? - ✔✔✔stretching force by pulling at opposite ends
What is compression? - ✔✔✔Crushing by squeezing together
What is bending? - ✔✔✔Loading about an axis. Bending causes compression on the side the person is
bending toward intention to the opposite side
What is shearing? - ✔✔✔Damage by tearing or bending by exerting faucet different parts in opposite
directions at the same time.
What is torsion? - ✔✔✔Torsion forces twist ends in opposite directions.
What is combined loading? - ✔✔✔Any combination of tension compression torsion bending and/or
shear.
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? - ✔✔✔Blunt, penetrating, thermal, or blast.
, What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? - ✔✔✔The point of impact on the
patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue, air-
filled versus solid organs), and the trajectory of force.
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle accidents? - ✔✔✔Up and
over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. - ✔✔✔The first impact
occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The second impact occurs after the initial impact
when the occupant continues to move in the original direction of travel until they collide with the
interior of the vehicle or meet resistance. The third impact occurs when internal structures collide within
the body cavity.
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by penetrating trauma's? - ✔✔✔The
point of impact, the velocity and speed of impact, and the proximity to the object.
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas? - ✔✔✔The direct blast effects. Types of injuries
include last long, tympanic membrane rupture and middle ear damage, abdominal hemorrhage and
perforation, global rupture, mild Trumatic brain injury.
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas? - ✔✔✔Projectiles propelled by the explosion.
Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I penetration.
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas? - ✔✔✔Results from individuals being thrown by the
blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial body translocation from being thrown against a hard service:
blunt or penetrating trauma's, fractures, traumatic amputations.
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas? - ✔✔✔All explosion related injuries, illnesses, or
diseases not due to the first three mechanisms. Injuries include external and internal burns, crush
What are the greatest risks for transport? - ✔✔✔Loss of airway patency, displaced obstructive tubes
lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices, need to replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration in
patient status change in vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the patient and/or team members
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? - ✔✔✔Neither. For each
force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the relationship between mass and velocity to kinetic energy? - ✔✔✔Kinetic energy is equal to
1/2 the mass multiplied the square of its velocity therefore when mass is doubled so is the net energy,
however, when velocity is doubled energy is quadrupled.
What is tension? - ✔✔✔stretching force by pulling at opposite ends
What is compression? - ✔✔✔Crushing by squeezing together
What is bending? - ✔✔✔Loading about an axis. Bending causes compression on the side the person is
bending toward intention to the opposite side
What is shearing? - ✔✔✔Damage by tearing or bending by exerting faucet different parts in opposite
directions at the same time.
What is torsion? - ✔✔✔Torsion forces twist ends in opposite directions.
What is combined loading? - ✔✔✔Any combination of tension compression torsion bending and/or
shear.
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? - ✔✔✔Blunt, penetrating, thermal, or blast.
, What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? - ✔✔✔The point of impact on the
patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue, air-
filled versus solid organs), and the trajectory of force.
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle accidents? - ✔✔✔Up and
over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. - ✔✔✔The first impact
occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The second impact occurs after the initial impact
when the occupant continues to move in the original direction of travel until they collide with the
interior of the vehicle or meet resistance. The third impact occurs when internal structures collide within
the body cavity.
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by penetrating trauma's? - ✔✔✔The
point of impact, the velocity and speed of impact, and the proximity to the object.
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas? - ✔✔✔The direct blast effects. Types of injuries
include last long, tympanic membrane rupture and middle ear damage, abdominal hemorrhage and
perforation, global rupture, mild Trumatic brain injury.
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas? - ✔✔✔Projectiles propelled by the explosion.
Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I penetration.
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas? - ✔✔✔Results from individuals being thrown by the
blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial body translocation from being thrown against a hard service:
blunt or penetrating trauma's, fractures, traumatic amputations.
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas? - ✔✔✔All explosion related injuries, illnesses, or
diseases not due to the first three mechanisms. Injuries include external and internal burns, crush
