MODULE 4 (BIOD 121) FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

MODULE 4 (BIOD 121) FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2023- 2024 Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER-(vita- means life and -amine means nitrogen containing) are organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts What is obtained through the diet and help regulate and support a variety of processes related to digestion, absorption, metabolism, body regulations?? - CORRECT ANSWER-vitamins what is the main overall function of vitamins? - CORRECT ANSWER-to regulate and support what are the 4 functions of vitamins? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. digestion 2. absorption 3. metabolism 4. body regulation What would happen to the body without vitamins? - CORRECT ANSWER-body would not be capable of sustaining the functions necessary for daily activities What is the difference between carbohydrates, proteins, and fats from vitamins? - CORRECT ANSWERvitamins yield no energy but they are very important in the growth and maintenance of our bodies How many vitamins are their that we know to be essential? - CORRECT ANSWER-13 essential vitamins essential vitamins are found where? - CORRECT ANSWER-both plant and animal sources can the body synthesize essential vitamins? - CORRECT ANSWER-the majority cannot be synthesized by the human body. Thus, they must be consumed in the diet Which essential vitamins are exceptions and can be synthesized by the human body? - CORRECT ANSWER-vitamin K biotin vitamin D Where are vitamin K and biotin synthesized? - CORRECT ANSWER-produced by gut flora (bacteria) in the intestine Where is vitamin D synthesized? - CORRECT ANSWER-synthesized in the skin through sunlight What are the two essential vitamins that can be produced through precursors? - CORRECT ANSWERVitamin A & niacin Through what precursor found in the can essential vitamin A be produced? - CORRECT ANSWER-beta carotene --> Vitamin A can be produced after we consume food containing beta carotene Through what precursor found in the can essential niacin be produced? - CORRECT ANSWER-amino acid tryptophan niacin can be produced when we consume foods containing the amino acid tryptophan. What two criteria must be meet in order to be considered a vitamin, an organic compound? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. First, due to the inability of our bodies to manufacture the compound, enough of the compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain health. 2. Second, symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in declining health. & health is often restored when the deficiency is corrected. During the manufacturing of food, some nutrients are lost. What are ways to counter this? - CORRECT ANSWER-some foods have been enriched or fortified to ensure consumption of all the nutrients they require through their daily intake Enrichment - CORRECT ANSWER-is the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the milling or processing of the food and adding them back to the final product Example of Enrichment - CORRECT ANSWER-all grain products are enriched due to the loss that occurs in the milling process fortification - CORRECT ANSWER-is the process of supplementing a product with additional vitamins that would not normally be in that product example of fortification - CORRECT ANSWER-is adding calcium and vitamin D to orange juice or vitamins to cereal Vitamins can be classified as either _____ __________ or _______ __________ - CORRECT ANSWER-fat soluble water soluble Fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER-dependent on dietary fat for absorption characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER--dependent on dietary fat