Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Questions and answers, rated A+/ APPROVED EXAM PREDICTION PAPER/

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Questions and answers, rated A+ What is a major cause of Coronary Artery Disease? - -Atherosclerosis What is atherosclerosis? - -Inflammatory process that develops and proceeds in the presence of elevated cholesterol levels? Disease process of Coronary Artery Disease? - -Begins with endothelial damage Followed by the inflammatory response Progresses to a lesion known as a fatty streak The fatty streak progresses to a fibrous plaque Atheromas (fatty deposits) prefer what? - -Coronary arteries Begins as soft deposits of fat that harden with what? - -age This fibrous plaque may calcify, protrude into the arterial lumen and what? - -restrict blood flow in times of increase myocardial needs What is Coronary Artery Disease also known as? - -arteriosclerotic heart disease cardiovascular heart disease ischemic heart disease coronary heart disease Coronary Artery Disease is a progressive disease that develops over many years. The stages of development in atherosclerosis are what? - -1. fatty streak 2. fibrous plaque 3. complicated lesion Fatty streak - -Lips accumulate and migrate into smooth muscle cells Fibrous Plaque - -Colagen covers the fatty streak Vessel lumen is narrowed Blood flow is reduced Fissures can develop Complicated lesion - -Plaque rupture Thrombus formation Further narrowing or total Occlusion of vessel What are non modifiable, can't change, risk factors for CAD? - -Age Gender Ethnicity Family history Genetic predisposition The incidence of CAD is the highest in who? - -white middle age men T/F African Americans have an earlier onset and mores severe CAD? - -true What are the modifiable risk factors for CAD? - -Elevated serum lipids Hypertension Tobacco use Diabetes Physical inactivity Obesity Psychologic state Substance abuse Why is hypertension a risk factor for CAD? - -Increases by 2-3x Contributes to endothelial injury Increases SNS Increases RAS There is a direct relationship between hypertension and CAD why? And how can we change them? - -Elevated SBP increases the rate of atherosclerotic development Medications Sleep/Rest Diet/Exercise Modifiable risk factors: Psychologic states include what? - -Type A vs Type B personalities Depression Chronic stress Modifiable risk factors: Substance abuse includes? - -Coke