WJEC Criminology Unit 4 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024

WJEC Criminology Unit 4 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024 Parliament - answerConsists of the elected House of Commons, the unelected House of Lords and the Monarch. What stages does a Bill go through on its way to becoming law? - answerBill may start either in the Commons or the Lords. First reading Second reading (debate and vote) Committee Stage Report Stage (Committee reports to the House) Third reading (debate and vote) All of the above repeated in the other House. Royal Assent The Bill then becomes an Act of Parliament. Judicial Precedent - answerLaw made by judges. When deciding cases, judges must follow judgements in previous similar cases. Lower courts must follow higher courts. What was the precedent from Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) - answerDonoghue v Stevenson: Mrs Donoghue suffered nervous shock upon discovering a decomposed snail in her bottle of lemonade. The court decided that the manufacturer of the lemonade owed a "duty of care" to Mrs Donoghue. Statutory Interpretation - answerJudges create law when they interpret the wording of statutes. Whitely v Chappell (1868) (an example of statutory interpretation) - answerThe defendant was charged with the offence of "impersonating any person entitled to vote". The defendant had pretended to be a person not on the electoral register because the person had died. The court held that the defendant was not guilty because dead people are not entitled to vote. What is the relationship between the following agencies of the criminal justice system? - Police - Ministry of Justice - HM Courts and Tribunals Service - Crown Prosecution Service - National Probation Service - Sentencing Council - Campaigns for change - answer- Police: They work with the CPS to bring prosecutions. Police officers often give evidence in court. - Ministry of Justice: Oversees the work of the courts, probation and prison services. - HM Courts and Tribunals Service: Judges create law through judicial precedent and statutory interpretation. - Crown Prosecution Service: They advise the police on charging suspects. - National Probation Service: They liaise with the police if a prisoner needs to be recalled to prison. They oversee prisons who have been released on licence. - Sentencing Council: They work with the judiciary to produce guidelines for sentencing. - Campaigns for change: The Sarah's Law campaign liaised with the police to introduce the sex offenders disclosure scheme. The Bobby Turnbull anti-gun campaign liaised with the police in changing gun licensing. Due Process model of criminal justice - answerThe justice system should safeguard the rights of the individual to reduce the chance of wrongful conviction. Presumption of innocence - answerA person should be presumed innocent until proven guilty. How does the law support the due process model - answerAll interviews are now recorded. Suspects have a right to legal representation. PACE (Police and Criminal Evidence Act) Examples of cases investigated using the