Grade 7, Abeka History, Chapter 6 Review Already Passed

Grade 7, Abeka History, Chapter 6 Review Already Passed JAVAN Japheth's son who was the ancestor of the Greeks MINOANS the people who built the earliest civilization in the vicinity of Greece MYCENAEANS the people who flourished on the mainland of Greece between 1600 and 1200 B.C. DORIANS Invaders from the north who helped to bring about a dark age in Greece which started about 1200 B.C. HOMER The blind poet who greatly influenced Greek culture and portrayed the gods as glorified human beings ACHILLES AND ODYSSEUS great warriors in Greek mythology CYRUS THE GREAT the Persian emperor who conquered Ionia in 546 B.C. DARIUS I the Persian king who crushed the Ionian revolt and demanded that the mainland Greeks submit to him XERXES The king who launched a second Persian invasion of Greece LEONIDAS The brave leader of the Spartans at Termopylae SOLON an aristocrat who introduced democratic principles to Athenian government PERICLES the aristocrat who brought Athenian democracy to its fullest measure SOCRATES The philosopher who insisted that morality be a part of philosophy PLATO the philosopher who wrote thirty or more works called dialogues ARISTOTLE the philosopher who recognized order, design, and purpose in the universe; teacher of young Alexander the Great PHILIP II The Macedonian king who conquered almost all of Greece before he was assassinated ALEXANDER THE GREAT The young Greek conqueror of Persia PTOLEMY The general who took Egypt after Alexander's death ANTIPATER The general who took Macedonia after Alexander's death LAOMEDON the general who took Syria, including all of Canaan, after Alexander's death THUCYDIDES the author of History of the Peloponnesian War OLYMPIC GAMES competitions held every four years to honor Zeus and to encourage unity among the various city-states of Greece GRECO-PERSIAN WARS A war between Persians and Greece PELOPONNESIAN WAR The war between Sparta and Athens; even Persia became involved HELLENISTIC AGE The period of several hundred years between Alexander's conquest and the Roman Empire CRETE island where the Minoans lived KNOSSOS an impressive palace built by the Minoans TROY A city on the coast of Asia Minor that was burned after a 10-year war MOUNT OLYMPUS the home of the gods according to Greek mythology MARATHON the place where the greatly outnumbered Athenians defeated the Persians HELLESPONT a strait between Europe and Asia Minor where the Persians built a bridge THERMOPYLAE the narrow mountain pass where the Spartan army was betrayed by a traitor SALAMIS the place where the small Greek navy defeated the Persian fleet PERSEPOLIS The chief city of the Persian homeland that was conquered by Alexander in 330 B.C. ALEXANDRIA the name given to 16 cities built by Alexander ZEUS king of all the Greek gods APOLLO Greek god of the sun POLIS the Greek city-state ACROPOLIS A hilltop fortress that served as a seat of government and religion AGORA the Greek marketplace MONARCHY rule by one ARISTOCRACY rule by the "best" OLIGARCHY rule by a few rather than one or many; rule by a few rich men TYRANNY a bad form of one-man rule DEMOCRACY rule by the many or the common people HELOTS the common laborers who formed the land for the ruling class PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE A League made to counter the Delian League. It was led by Sparta and other enemies of Athens formed the this League. DIRECT DEMOCRACY A government in which the people themselves make the big decisions directly, rather than indirectly through representatives DELIAN LEAGUE a defensive alliance formed by Athens to prevent another Persian invasion PHILOSOPHER lover of wisdom DIALOGUES Plato's writings PHALANX a large group of foot soldiers trained to charge the enemy as a group HELLENIC Greek Parthenon A beautiful temple to Athena 776 B.C. First Olympic games 404 B.C. The date Athens surrendered to Sparta What structure was the foundation of Greek government? Most city-state followed a cycle of monarchy- aristocracy- oligarchy-tyranny-democracy Explain the cycle of change in government of the Greek city-states a city usually began as a monarchy ruled by one called a king. Gradually the government fell into the hands of the strongest families, becoming an aristocracy. Next, the few rich rose to power and established an oligarchy. This led to a tyranny, the oppressive rule of one man. Eventually, the people overthrew the tyrant and established a democracy ruled by the masses. However democracy often gave way to oligarchy adn tyranny. Thus the form of government in most Greek cities was constantly changing. compare and contrast Athens and Sparta Athens developed a very democratic society. Athenian society encouraged the development of the mind as well as the body. Thus, art and athletics flourished in Athens. In Sparta, however, a strong oligarchy dominated society. Spartan society encouraged development of a strong body to the exclusion of all else. As a result Sparta was more like an armed military camp. Both Athens and Sparta depended heavily on slave labor give some examples of humanism in Greek society Humanism can be seen in nearly every facet of Greek society. The arts emphasized and exaggerated human beauty. Athletics promoted the development of physical beauty. Even literature and drama celebrated the beauty and ability of man. Also, the Greek gods and Greek heroes were supermen" much like the gods.