Human Rights Final Exam Questions
And Answers9
Beijing Platform for Action - ANSWERS Came out of the 1994 Beijing Conference, a World
Conference on Women; an effort to move efforts past just discrimination against women;
focused on - women's empowerment, full and equal protection, public and private sphere, and
tying WR into HR discourse; had strategic objectives for women, including poverty, education,
economy, VAW, and environment.
Political asylum - ANSWERS Giving people legal status as a refugee. It is part of integration.
Non-refoulement - ANSWERS Countries will not send people back to places where they face
well-founded fears of persecution. If you have a well-founded fear of persecution, you have the
right to refugee status. It is part of customary law, treaty law, and binding law.
Survival migration - ANSWERS The current refugee definition doesn't include those fleeing from
environmental degradation, natural disaster, or poverty. This is the argument that involuntary or
voluntary migration is an artificial distinction if people are being pushed in order to survive. It
takes into account those who have been forced from homes not due to persecution.
Internally displaced persons - ANSWERS These are people who do not cross international
boundaries but are forced to leave their homes. They may be fleeing persecution, violence,
environmental disaster, etc.
Migrants - ANSWERS People who voluntarily cross an international border. They are pulled
there and it is their choice to leave. There is not much international law about this, and
countries can develop their own policies.
, Refugees - ANSWERS People who involuntary cross borders due to persecution or conflict. They
are pushed and have legal status. They are forcibly displaced across an international boundary
and can't go back to their country of origin. A refugee asks entrance to the US while they are
still outside the borders to the US.
Dublin Regulation - ANSWERS An EU law that says that the member state responsible for
examining asylum claims is the first state of entry by the asylum seeker. It was created to
prevent asylum shopping and multiple applications. It places extreme burdens on states of entry
such as Greece and Italy.
Schengen Area - ANSWERS This is the passport-free movement area within Europe. EU and
non-EU countries are a part of this. It encourages people to get asylum in Greece or Italy and
make their way up to countries like Germany to access their social services.
Respect, Protect, Fulfill framework - ANSWERS A conceptual framework that says that states
have these responsibilities towards human rights. The first means that at the minimal level,
states will not interfere with your enjoyment of any given right. The second means that states
must protect individuals against human rights abuses. The last means that states must take
positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of human rights.
Protect, Respect, Remedy framework - ANSWERS This is John Ruggie's new framework when
dealing with business and human rights. It includes the state/government duty to protect
against human rights abuses by third parties, including business. It includes the corporate
responsibility to respect human rights. It includes greater access by victims to effective remedy,
both judicial and non-judicial. There is a difference in words to the original framework. Here,
corporations are not legally bound. States have a duty - they are mandated; corporations are
just recommended.
Global Compact - ANSWERS An example of a voluntary, soft-law approach. It was launched in
2002 and was an attempt to pull corporations into the UN system. 12,000 companies chose to
become involved, signing on to this. These companies promised to mainstream a set of activities
into their day-to-day operations. It included human rights, labor, environment, and anti-
corruption initiatives. Businesses must respect human rights and they must not be complicit in
And Answers9
Beijing Platform for Action - ANSWERS Came out of the 1994 Beijing Conference, a World
Conference on Women; an effort to move efforts past just discrimination against women;
focused on - women's empowerment, full and equal protection, public and private sphere, and
tying WR into HR discourse; had strategic objectives for women, including poverty, education,
economy, VAW, and environment.
Political asylum - ANSWERS Giving people legal status as a refugee. It is part of integration.
Non-refoulement - ANSWERS Countries will not send people back to places where they face
well-founded fears of persecution. If you have a well-founded fear of persecution, you have the
right to refugee status. It is part of customary law, treaty law, and binding law.
Survival migration - ANSWERS The current refugee definition doesn't include those fleeing from
environmental degradation, natural disaster, or poverty. This is the argument that involuntary or
voluntary migration is an artificial distinction if people are being pushed in order to survive. It
takes into account those who have been forced from homes not due to persecution.
Internally displaced persons - ANSWERS These are people who do not cross international
boundaries but are forced to leave their homes. They may be fleeing persecution, violence,
environmental disaster, etc.
Migrants - ANSWERS People who voluntarily cross an international border. They are pulled
there and it is their choice to leave. There is not much international law about this, and
countries can develop their own policies.
, Refugees - ANSWERS People who involuntary cross borders due to persecution or conflict. They
are pushed and have legal status. They are forcibly displaced across an international boundary
and can't go back to their country of origin. A refugee asks entrance to the US while they are
still outside the borders to the US.
Dublin Regulation - ANSWERS An EU law that says that the member state responsible for
examining asylum claims is the first state of entry by the asylum seeker. It was created to
prevent asylum shopping and multiple applications. It places extreme burdens on states of entry
such as Greece and Italy.
Schengen Area - ANSWERS This is the passport-free movement area within Europe. EU and
non-EU countries are a part of this. It encourages people to get asylum in Greece or Italy and
make their way up to countries like Germany to access their social services.
Respect, Protect, Fulfill framework - ANSWERS A conceptual framework that says that states
have these responsibilities towards human rights. The first means that at the minimal level,
states will not interfere with your enjoyment of any given right. The second means that states
must protect individuals against human rights abuses. The last means that states must take
positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of human rights.
Protect, Respect, Remedy framework - ANSWERS This is John Ruggie's new framework when
dealing with business and human rights. It includes the state/government duty to protect
against human rights abuses by third parties, including business. It includes the corporate
responsibility to respect human rights. It includes greater access by victims to effective remedy,
both judicial and non-judicial. There is a difference in words to the original framework. Here,
corporations are not legally bound. States have a duty - they are mandated; corporations are
just recommended.
Global Compact - ANSWERS An example of a voluntary, soft-law approach. It was launched in
2002 and was an attempt to pull corporations into the UN system. 12,000 companies chose to
become involved, signing on to this. These companies promised to mainstream a set of activities
into their day-to-day operations. It included human rights, labor, environment, and anti-
corruption initiatives. Businesses must respect human rights and they must not be complicit in
