BIOD 101 Module 6 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Questions and Answers 2023/2024

BIOD 101 Module 6 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Questions and Answers 2023/2024 Composition of Eukaryotic cells - Correct Answer membrane-bound nucleus (which houses DNA) and specific organelles Difference between animal and plant eukaryotic cells - Correct Answer Animal have no cell walls, plant have rigid cell walls Main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - Correct Answer Prokaryotic are less complex, lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, are smaller, and organisms are always single-celled Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - Correct Answer Both have plasma membrane (acting as semi-permeable barrier), contain cytosol (to suspend intracellular components), contain chromosomes with DNA, contain ribosomes to manufacture proteins Nucleoid Region - Correct Answer Place where genetic information is stored in prokaryotes. NOT bound by a membrane and contains bacterial chromosomes and DNA Why do prokaryotes contain less DNA than eukaryotes - Correct Answer Prokaryotes have a less complex genome Shape of bacterial chromosomes - Correct Answer circular (NOT linear, like in eukaryotes) Plasmids - Correct Answer small, circular regions of DNA. Bacterial cells usually have dozens, all of which carry small amounts of genetic info and can replicate independently of each other Intracellular region is filled with ___________, which is responsible for __________ _________ and __________ - Correct Answer cytoplasm; suspending ribosomes and plasmids Why are ribosomes in prokaryotes unique - Correct Answer not bound by a membrane; smaller; have different RNA and protein content Benefits of differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes - Correct Answer Researchers are able to develop antibiotics that target bacterial ribosomes without damaging ribosomes of eukaryotic hosts Plasma membrane - Correct Answer allows for the diffusion of certain ions and small molecules and may provide an area for metabolic functions; semi-permeable and encloses internal contents of a bacterial cell T or F: prokaryotic cells do contain mitochondria - Correct Answer False: prokaryotic cells do NOT contain mitochondria (which is necessary for aerobic respiration) How can aerobic bacteria carry out aerobic respiration since they do not have mitochondria - Correct Answer Plasma membrane can be folded to provide an area for specialized chemical reactions to occur Cell walls (of prokaryotes) - Correct Answer rigid and surround plasma membrane. Vary in composition. Responsible for shape of a cell, provides protection against environmental stressors Location of nucleoid region - Correct Answer on the chromosome Glycocalyx / capsule - Correct Answer sticky outermost layer surrounding the cell composed of thick layers of proteins or polysaccharides; density provides a mechanism of adhesion to host cells or to other bacteria 3 bacterial cell accessory features - Correct Answer capsule, fimbriae, flagella Benefits of individual bacterial cells sticking together and forming a colony - Correct Answer provides individual members additional hydration and protection from host's immune system responses Fimbriae - Correct Answer protein structures extending from the cell wall that have a short, spikey, hair-like appearance. used for attachment to host cells or to other bacteria Flagella - Correct Answer whip-like structures that allow prokaryotes to move Various arrangements of a flagella - Correct Answer Can be located randomly along the surface or concentrated at one end of the cell Location of filament on flagellum - Correct Answer extends through cell wall Location of motor portion of flagellum - Correct Answer anchored to plasma membrane and cell wall