Unit 4 FRQs(Questions & Answers: Guaranteed A+ Guide)

Presidents are generally thought to have advantages over Congress in conducting foreign policy because of the formal and informal powers of the presidency. Identify two formal constitutional powers of the President in making foreign policy. Two formal constitutional powers of the President in making foreign policy are making treaties and being the commander in chief. Identify two formal constitutional powers of Congress in making foreign policy. Two formal constitutional powers of Congress in making foreign policy are approving ambassadors appointed by the President and declaring war. Identify two informal powers of the President that contribute to the President's advantage over Congress in conducting foreign policy. Two informal powers of the President giving them an advantage in foreign policy are greater access to media than individual Congress members and the ability to meet with world leaders. Another example is control over the nuclear codes Explain how each of the informal powers identified in Part C contributes to the President's advantage over Congress in conducting foreign policy. These informal powers give the President an advantage by allowing him/her to have more of an influence on public opinion because of the greater access to media coverage. In addition, meeting with world leaders makes it much easier for the President to make informed decisions as well as to be able to negotiate with and convince representatives from different countries to act upon the President's views. Because Congress members do not have the ability to have such widespread media attention and the opportunity to make negotiations with world leaders, they have less influence on public opinion. Define two of the following elements of the congressional committee system and explain how each influences the legislative process. Policy specialization Reciprocity/"logrolling" Party representation on committees -Reciprocity/logrolling- The practice of exchanging favors- Logrolling can influence the legislative process because people can be exchanging favors for votes to get people to vote on their side. -Party representation on committees- people on committees who represent a specific political partyThis can play a role because people will vote along the lines of their political party. Identify two ways party leadership in Congress can influence the legislative process and explain how each way influences the process. •Party leadership can influence the legislative process because party leaders can make the rest of their party vote the way they want. •Party leaders can also influence other parties to vote the way they want through logrol