Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Interphase Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Interphase Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is interphase? -the period of growth that occurs between cell division -begins when cytokinesis ends and ends when mitosis begins During synthesis phase what happens? The cell: -replicates chromatin -DNA Synthesis takes place -makes copies of cellular DNA- 1 copy for each daughter cell -once a cell enters S phase, it's going to divide During first gap phase what happens? The cell: -increases in size -synthesizes new proteins and organelles needed for the newly formed daughter cells During second gap phase what happens? The cell: -organelles and molecules required for cell divisions are produced What are the four main phases of mitosis? -prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase What is the cell cycle? -a series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide What happens during the cell cycle? -a cell grows -prepares for division -divides to form two daughter cells, each of with begins the cycle again What are the parts of interphase? -G1 Phase -S Phase -G2 Phase What is chromatin and what is it made of? -Chromatin is the form of DNA in resting cells -It's made of DNA and proteins What are chromosomes and what is its function? -condensed chromatin -it prevents tangling during cell division What is a chromatid and what is it made up of? -a strand of the chromosome -two sister chromatids attached to a centromere create a chromosome How many chromosomes does a human, a carrot, and a fruit fly have? -human: 46 -carrot: 18 -fruit fly: 8 What is a diploid and what types of cells are diploids? -2 sets of chromosomes -they're all somatic -most cells What is a haploid and what types of cells are haploids? -1 set of chromosomes -reproductive cells What parts of the cell are visible under light microscopes during interphase? -nuclear envelope -nucleolus What is prophase? -first/longest phase of mitosis -spindle forming -nuclear enveloped breaks down What can you see happening during prophase? -look to see if chromosomes condense and form visible bodies -nuclear envelope breaks down What are the two phases of cell division? -mitosis (1st stage) -cytokinesis (2nd stage) What are the two limits to cell growth? -DNA overload -surface area to volume ratio What is DNA overload? -when the cell gets larger there is more to control and it eventually becomes unmanageable What is surface are to volume ratio? -limit to cell growth -the larger the cell, the more trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the cell membrane -as the cell size increases, the ratio of the cell surface area to volume decreases Do living things grow based on how large their cells are or how many cells they have? -how many cells they have