Cell Cycle Questions and Answers Graded A+

Cell Cycle Questions and Answers Graded A+ What is cell division? Cell division is the process by which new cells are produced from one cell. What is the result of cell division? Cell division results in two cells that are identical to the original, parent cell. What are chromosomes? Chromosomes are structures which contain DNA. What does a chromosomes purpose? Chromosomes are the carriers of the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells. What is a critical part of cell division? Accurate transmission of chromosomes during cell division is critical. What is the cell cycle? The cell cycle is the sequence of growth and division of a cell. The cell cycle starts and ends at which cycle? from The cell cycle goes from 1 mitosis to the next. How is the majority of the cell's life spent? The majority of cell's life is spent in the growth period known as interphase. What is the busiest phase of the cell cycle? The busiest phase of the cell cycle is interphase. How many parts is interphase divided into? Interphase is divided into three parts. What are the three parts of interphase? The three parts of interphase are G1, S, and G2 What happens after interphase? After interphase, a cell enters its period of nuclear division called mitosis. What happens after mitosis? After mitosis, cytokinesis occurs where the cytoplasm divides, separating the two daughter cells. What are sister chromatids? Sister chromatids are the two halves of the doubled structure. How are sister chromatids held together? Sister chromatids are held together by a structure called a centromere, which plays a role in chromosome movement during mitosis. What are the four phases of mitosis? The four phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. What happens during the first phase of mitosis(prophase)? During prophase the chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes. What happens during the second phase of mitosis (metaphase)? During metaphase, the chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle. What happens during the third phase of mitosis (anaphase)? During anaphase, the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell. What happens during the fourth phase of mitosis (telophase)? During telophase, two distinct daughter cells are formed. The cells separate as the cell cycle proceeds into the next interphase. What happens after telophase? After telophase, the cell's cytoplasm divides in a process called cytokinesis. How is cytokinesis different between plants and animals? In animal cells, the plasma membrane pinches in along the equator. In plants, a cell plate forms in the middle to form 2 new cells. What is cancer? Cancer is a malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division. Cancer cells form masses of tissue called tumors that deprive normal cells of nutrients. What happens in the later stages of cancer? In later stages, cancer cells spread throughout the body, a process called metastasis What are the causes of cancer? The causes of cancer are cigarette smoke, air and water pollution, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun,along with many other things we do not yet know. How many and what kind of chromosomes are formed through mitosis? In mitosis, the new cells have exactly the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original cells. (DIPLOID) What is meiosis? The production of gametes (sex cells) containing half the number (HAPLOID) of chromosomes as a parent's body cell, is called meiosis. How many divisions does meiosis consist of? Meiosis consists of two separate divisions. What are the two seperate divisions of meiosis known as? The two seperate divisions of meiosis are known as meiosis I and meiosis II. How does meiosis I begin? Meiosis I begins with one diploid (2n) cell. How does meiosis II end? By the end of meiosis II, there are four haploid (n) cells (gametes). What are male gamates called? Male gametes are called sperm. What are female gamates called? Female gametes are called eggs. What are fertilized eggs called? Fertilized eggs are called zygotes. What is a cell with two of each kind of chromosome? A cell with two of each kind of chromosome is called a diploid cell. What is a cell with one of each kind of chromosome? A cell with one of each kind of chromosome is called a haploid cell. What are homologous chromosomes? Homologous chromosomes are 2 chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell What are genes for the same traits? Homologous chromosomes are genes for the same trait. What is sexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction is the pattern of reproduction, involving the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells What happens in meiosis I? During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes cross over and seperate to form new allele combinations What happens in meiosis II? During meiosis II, cells are not indentical to each other or to the parent cell. What happens to cells that are formed by mitosis? Cells that are formed by mitosis are identical to each other and to the parent cell. How does meiosis provide a way to rearrange allele combinations? Crossing over during meiosis provides a way to rearrange allele combinations. This increases variations What is genetic recombination? Genetic recombination is reassortment of chromosomes and the genetic information they carry, by crossing over