DNA and Cell Cycle Questions and Answers 100% Pass

DNA and Cell Cycle Questions and Answers 100% Pass DNA Molecule that stores genetic material DNA replication process of using half of the original DNA strand as a template to building two identical copies of DNA. double helix Name of first accurate model of DNA Watson and Crick Scientists that made the first accurate model of DNA Rosaland Franklin Her x-ray diffraction pictures of DNA aided Watson and Crick to develop their helical model of DNA nucleus Where is DNA found in the eukaryotic cell? Sugar, Phosphate, & nitrogen base Three parts of a nucleotide nucleotide single unit or monomer of DNA nitrogen base pairs What makes up the rungs / steps of the DNA ladder? hydrogen bond What type bond holds the base pairs together and can break apart when the DNA needs to be replicated? Deoxyribose sugar found in DNA two number of strands of nucleotides in DNA one number of strands of nucleotides in RNA RNA Molecule that carries out genetic instructions 2 identical strands of DNA What is the results / products of DNA replication? A bonds to T; G bonds to C What is Chargaff's base pairing rule? Synthesis (S) phase of Interphase When does DNA replication occur? When cell division is needed Why does DNA replication occur? Sequence (order) of nitrogen bases in the ladder Where is the genetic "code" for life found in the molecule of DNA? Sugar and Phosphate What constitutes the sides (or backbone) of the DNA ladder? Thymine In DNA, Adenine bonds to Cytosine In DNA, Guanine bonds to Protein A gene codes for one what? Gene sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait Complementary The DNA 1/2 ladders are not identical, they are said to be ____ because A pairs with T and G pairs with C. Two Identical daughter cells When parent cells divide they form ___ Interphase What phase of the cell cycle involves cell growth and replication of DNA (G!, S, and G2)? Mitosis What is the division of the nucleus (of body cells)? Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (D,A,C,B) What are the four phases of mitosis in order? Cytokinesis What is the final step of cell division that physically divides the cell's cytoplasm into two new daughter cells 46 How many chromosomes do each human body cell have? duplicated chromosome What are the identical copies of DNA made during DNA replication (2 identical sister chromatids) called? Centromere Point of attachment on the duplicated chromosome for the spindle (and where sister chromatids attach to each other) Prophase phase in which the cell prepares for division by dissolving the nuclear envelope and coils its chromatin into chromosomes Metaphase phase in which the chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell Anaphase phase in which the sister chromatids come apart and move away to opposite sides of the cell Telophase phase in which twin nuclei form as two nuclear envelopes reform and chromosomes uncoil into chromatin chromatin stringy uncoiled DNA and its associated proteins chromosome coiled DNA and its associated proteins histones protein spacers that aid DNA in coiling up properly to form chromosomes DNA helicase enzyme that unwinds the DNA and separates (unzips) the two strands of nucleotides DNA polymerase enzyme that bonds new nucleotides onto the exposed DNA 1/2 ladders IPMATC Order of the phases in the Cell Cycle G1, S, and G2 What are the three parts of interphase? G1 phase phase of interphase that is involves normal cell growth S phase phase of interphase that involves DNA replication "copies DNA" cell plate what is formed in plant cells that are going through cytokinesis (will become the new cell walls) pinching off how animal cells go through cytokinesis cancer uncontrolled cellular division tumor mass or growth of new cells benign tumor that does not spread malignant tumor that can spread throughout the body (deadly) Same During cell division (mitosis) each daughter cell will have the _____ amount of chromosomes as the parent cell centrioles Pair of protein tubes that serve as anchors for the spindle fibers sister chromatids the 2 identical strands of DNA that make up a duplicated chromosome Cell Cycle Know the steps of Interphase DNA is in chromatin form; individual strands not visible prophase chromosomes visible, nuclear envelope dissolves metaphase middle anaphase apart and away telophase two new nuclei cytokinesis cytoplasm separated spindle connects to chromosomes at the centromere and to the centrioles centromere point of attachment is called