Biology - Cell Cycle and Mitosis Questions and Answers Already Passed

Biology - Cell Cycle and Mitosis Questions and Answers Already Passed what is the cell cycle the sequence of growth and division of a cell what are the 3 general periods a cell goes through during the cell cycle Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis what are the major events that occur during interphase the cell grows, carries out cellular functions and replicates what is mitosis when the cells nuclear and nucleus material divides where does the cell spend most of its time interphase In which phase is the cell the bussiest G1(interphase) there is a lot of growth occuring What type of cell undergoes the cell cycle Eukaryotic what happens in G1 the cell is growing and carrying out normal cell functions and preparing to replicate DNA. the cell has to make sure there is enough nutrients what happens in S S stands for synthesis of DNA. The cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division what happens in G2 the cell continues to grow and prepares for the division of its nucleus. also replicating organelles What are the 4 stages of mitosis Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase which stage of mitosis is the longest prophase what happens to the stringy chromatin in prophase it tightens and coils forming discrete chromosomes what are sister chromatids they are the two halves of the chromosome after it has been duplicated in interphase and formed in chromosomes in prophase what is the structure that holds the sister chromatids together spindle apparatus describe what happens to the nucleus during prophase breaks down to chromosomes forming chromatids what happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase disappears what happens to the nucleolus during prophase disappears what are centrioles structures that arrange the mitotic spindles; made of microtubules what type of cells contain centrioles Animal cells what is cytokinesis the final part of mitosis; the division of the cytoplasm what to animal cells gain during cytokinesis a cleavage furrow what to plant cells gain during cytokinesis a cell plate what does mitosis garuntee the daughter cells will contain the same number of chromosomes after the cell divides how is cytokinesis diferent in plant and animal cells animal: microfilaments contstrict the cytoplasm plant: a new structure forms between the two daughter nuclei compare new daughter cells to the parents cells daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells with the same amount of DNA where does the spindle apparatus form it forms out of the centioles what two things happen to the chromosomes during metaphase sister chromatids are pulled along the spindle apparautus towards the center of the cell they line up in the middle of the cell why is the arrangement of the chromosomes during metaphase so important it keep sthem organized to ensure equal distribution of DNA what happens to centromeres and the chromatid pairs during anaphase sister chromatid sepparate into two identical chromosomes . the chromosomes move towards the poles of the cell what happens to the chromosomes during telophase arrive at the poles and egin to relax/decondense what happens to the spindle apparatus during telophase it disassembles what happens to the nucleolus and the nuclear envelope during telophase begin to form and the nucleoli reappear what happens to the plasma membrane during telophase begins to start to form and is being stretched out explain the relationship between volume and surface area volume multiplies much faster than surface area what problems could result from increased cell volume the cell might have difficulty supplying nutrients and and expelling enough waste products how to substances move through the cell diffusion or by motor proteins why is diffusion not ideal for transport in large cells diffusion over large distances is slow and inefficient what cells have the most efficient transport small cells how does cell size affect communication within the cell the need for signaling proteins to move throughout the cell also limits cell size. cell size affects the ability of the cell to communicate instructions for specific functions two reasons why the cell cycle is important for cells -cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing -it is the way cells reproduce so that you can heal your injuries much faster -cell division prevents the cell from becoming too large how is the cell cycle monitored/regulated DDK, built in checkpoints that monitor the cycle and can stop if something goes wrong what is CDK cyclin dependent kinase a protein but is an enzyme what is contact inhibition a growth mechanism designed to keep cells growing into a layer one cell thick: a monolayer. keeps happening until there is no more room for the layer to replicate how does cancer kill an organism by crowding out normal cells resulting in the loss of tissue function. do cancer cells have contact inhibition no, they just keep growing what is program cell death called apoptosis. cells going through apoptosis actually shrink and shrives in a controlled process what are stem cells unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells when under the right conditions what are the two kinds of stem cells Embryonic-what you get from a fetus Adult- found in various tissues from the body (less controversial because the adult stem cells can be obtained with the consents of the donor) what are genes responsible for protein production in chromosomes