NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 LATEST 2023 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|AGRADE

NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 LATEST 2023 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|AGRADE Question 1 Scheduled drugs are identified by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and are classified based on their potential for abuse. Which of these must the APN understand when dealing with scheduled drugs? Question Options • 1 ] The state laws regarding prescription of scheduled drugs • 2 ] The number of scheduled drug prescriptions written in a given month • 3 ] The national prohibition on APNs prescribing scheduled drugs • 4 ] The DEA number provided to all APNs upon certification and state licensure Correct Option/Answers: 1 Rationales Option: Every state in the U.S. has its own practice act for APNs that provides guidance as to the APN scope of practice in that state. It is important for all APNs to know the scope of practice in the state they are in. Option: The APN should prescribe scheduled drugs if appropriate, not based on how many prescriptions per month. Option: APNs must follow national and state laws when prescribing scheduled drugs, but in many states they are able to do so. Option: Not all APNs are given DEA numbers. In states where APNs can obtain a DEA number for prescribing scheduled drugs, it is a separate procedure completed with the DEA. Question 2 Which statement about drug absorption through the stomach is true? Question Options • 1 ] Nutrients can induce metabolic processes but not inhibit these processes, and therefore rarely affect the bioavailability of a drug. • 2 ] Changes in pH from antacids can reduce absorption of folic acid, iron, and vitamin B12, which can cause different types of metabolic symptoms and diseases. • 3 ] Foods and nutrients cannot create adverse reactions to a drug. This can only happen with drug interactions and allergies to the drug. • 4 ] Vitamins are not nutrients and therefore are not considered when discussing nutrient intake. Correct Option/Answers: 2 Rationales Option: Nutrients can both induce and inhibit metabolic processes and therefore they do affect the bioavailability of a drug. Option: When the stomach becomes less acidic due to foods or antacids, the absorption of folic acid, iron, and vitamin B12 can be reduced. Option: Nutrients can increase the risk for or cause adverse drug reactions, and the APN should question the patient experiencing the ADR about foods they are eating. Option: Vitamins are nutrients, and the vitamins patients take should be reviewed when investigating a drug reaction. Question 3 The patient is prescribed a drug that has a high acid content. Where will this drug most easily be absorbed through passive diffusion? Question Options • 1 ] In the acid environment of the stomach • 2 ] In the basic environment of the small intestine • 3 ] Throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, because acid–base issues are not important • 4 ] Only after there has been an adjustment based on acid content of the liver Correct Option/Answers: 2 Rationales Option: There has to be a difference in acid–base concentration on both sides of the cell membrane for passive diffusion to occur. With an acid-based drug in the acid environment of the stomach, the drug cannot pass through the cell membrane using passive diffusion. Option: This is the correct answer because the acid-based drug and the base environment of the intestine will balance each other and allow for passive diffusion. Option: Acid and base environments are important for passive diffusion. Option: The liver does not adjust the acid content of a drug. Question 4 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves drugs that meet requirements for which two criteria? Question Options • 1 ] Targeted cells and effective elimination • 2 ] Level of absorption and allergic reactions • 3 ] Safety and efficacy • 4 ] Biological response and drug interactions Correct Option/Answers: 3 Rationales Option: Although targeted cells and elimination speak to efficacy, they do not adequately determine the safety of a drug. Option: Absorption is one aspect of efficacy and allergic reactions can be a safety issue, but there are more issues that the FDA looks at before approving a drug. Option: This is the correct answer and takes into account all of the areas of safety and efficacy for any drug. Option: These are aspects of safety and efficacy but not the whole picture.