MMSC 491 EXAM 1 /WELL STRUCTURED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024/2025 GRADED A+.

1. Epigenetic: Changes in phenotypeHeritable Not due to changes in DNA sequence DNA methylation or histone modification 2. Collective term for all different DNA molecules within a cell or organism: - Genome 3. DNA protein complex: Chromosome 4. How many DNA molecules does a male have? female have?: Male 25Female 24 5. Single ring based on carbon and nitrogen atoms C,T: Pyrimidine 6. Double ring structure A, G: Purine 7. How many bonds holds together G-C: 3 hydrogen bonds 8. How many bonds hold together A-T: 2 hydrogen bonds 9. DNA replication: In preparation for new DNA synthesis before cell division eachstrand unwinds with helicase Both strands become available as templates for making complementary DNAstrands that are synthesized 5' to 3' direction Semi-conservative One new strand (leading strand) can be synthesized continuously The lagging strand is synthesized in pieces known as Okzaki fragments 10. Classical DNA dependent DNA polymerase: Standard DNA replication 3 / 6 nucleus 11. RNA dependent DNA polymerase: Genome evolution and telomere function 12. Use 1 of 2 DNA strands as a template for synthesizing an RNA copy: Tran-scription 13. Sugars in DNA and RNA: Both are 5 carbon atoms Hydroxyl group at C2 in ribose H atom replaces hydroxyl group in deoxyribose 14. ssDNA structure: Sugar phosphate backbone is asymmetrical because phos-phate groups connect with carbon at 5' and a sugar with carbon at 3 hydroxyl groupon the 3' end 15. Protein- DNA complex (aids in fitting large DNA molecules inwithin confines of this organelle): Chromatin