weaning - ANSWER--the addition of adding other foods to a diet,
but not completely stopping or ceasing breastfeeding
when did breastfeeding rates start to initially decline (i.e. in
Britain), particularly among the wealthy population? - ANSWER-
-16th-17th century and through the 18th century
which month did women historically think was the most
important to breastfeed during? - ANSWER--the summer (due to
food spoilage)
what three ingredients made up the first commercial formula?
(early 1800's/19th century) - ANSWER---wheat flour
-cows milk
-sugar
what was, and still is today, one of the biggest reasons why
mothers quit breastfeeding? - ANSWER--mothers report not
producing enough milk
when did bottle feeding become the "new norm", thus, causing
breastfeeding rates to continue to decline? - ANSWER--20th
century (particularly, mid 1900's) (1950's-1970's)
what is the WHO code? - ANSWER--an attempt to prevent
excessive marketing of ABM (artificial baby milk) and to bring
awareness of benefits of breastfeeding (although this code is not
law in many countries as it interferes with marketing & freedom)
*breastfeeding education to pubic is critical!*
,what are some other breastfeeding barriers mothers have? -
ANSWER---sexual vs functional aspects of breasts
-women in the workplace
-"im not producing enough milk"
-lack of support from medical profession
where are the breasts specifically located on the body? -
ANSWER---between 2nd & 6th rib
-from sternum to mid axillary line
-only gland in not fully functioning at birth
*may contain hair, sweat, and oil glands
hypoplastic breasts - ANSWER---insufficient glandular tissues
-usually only extend from 3rd to 5th rib
-typically have more spacing between breasts (1.5 inches or more)
montgomery glands/tubercles - ANSWER--"small bumps"
located around areola that become more prominent (hypertrophy)
during pregnancy & are thought to secrete substance during
pregnancy/lactation & contain scent glands to help guide infant to
nipple, while also helping kill pathogens that try to enter the body
areola - ANSWER--vary in shape & color; usually circular;
become darker during pregnancy and do not return to pre-
pregnancy color
nipple - ANSWER--contain smooth muscle fibers for erectness
and graspability; normally found at 4th intercostal space that
typically contain between 4-18 openings (9 on average) for milk
, to be expressed through during lactation
nipple/areola complex - ANSWER--thought of as one entity; both
elongate up to 2-3 times resting length during breastfeeding;
areola = most sensitive part of breast nipples = least sensitive
everted nipples - ANSWER--most common type of nipples;
protrudes slightly at rest & everts well with stimulation
flat nipples - ANSWER--soft, but pliable & graspable
pseudo-inverted nipples - ANSWER--appear to be inverted but
will evert with stimulation or compression
retracted nipples - ANSWER--type of inverted nipples that appear
to be graspable but retracts, rather than everts, with compression
inverted nipples/nipple inversion - ANSWER--retracted nipples
that occur with retracted both with rest and stimualtion
what are some techniques for flat/inverted nipples that may help
to evert nipples? - ANSWER---inverted syringe
-supple cups
-breast shells
-avent nipplette
-"pinch test" in last trimester of pregnancy
supernumerary nipples - ANSWER--"3rd nipple" or "accessory
nipple" found along line of glandular tissue
but not completely stopping or ceasing breastfeeding
when did breastfeeding rates start to initially decline (i.e. in
Britain), particularly among the wealthy population? - ANSWER-
-16th-17th century and through the 18th century
which month did women historically think was the most
important to breastfeed during? - ANSWER--the summer (due to
food spoilage)
what three ingredients made up the first commercial formula?
(early 1800's/19th century) - ANSWER---wheat flour
-cows milk
-sugar
what was, and still is today, one of the biggest reasons why
mothers quit breastfeeding? - ANSWER--mothers report not
producing enough milk
when did bottle feeding become the "new norm", thus, causing
breastfeeding rates to continue to decline? - ANSWER--20th
century (particularly, mid 1900's) (1950's-1970's)
what is the WHO code? - ANSWER--an attempt to prevent
excessive marketing of ABM (artificial baby milk) and to bring
awareness of benefits of breastfeeding (although this code is not
law in many countries as it interferes with marketing & freedom)
*breastfeeding education to pubic is critical!*
,what are some other breastfeeding barriers mothers have? -
ANSWER---sexual vs functional aspects of breasts
-women in the workplace
-"im not producing enough milk"
-lack of support from medical profession
where are the breasts specifically located on the body? -
ANSWER---between 2nd & 6th rib
-from sternum to mid axillary line
-only gland in not fully functioning at birth
*may contain hair, sweat, and oil glands
hypoplastic breasts - ANSWER---insufficient glandular tissues
-usually only extend from 3rd to 5th rib
-typically have more spacing between breasts (1.5 inches or more)
montgomery glands/tubercles - ANSWER--"small bumps"
located around areola that become more prominent (hypertrophy)
during pregnancy & are thought to secrete substance during
pregnancy/lactation & contain scent glands to help guide infant to
nipple, while also helping kill pathogens that try to enter the body
areola - ANSWER--vary in shape & color; usually circular;
become darker during pregnancy and do not return to pre-
pregnancy color
nipple - ANSWER--contain smooth muscle fibers for erectness
and graspability; normally found at 4th intercostal space that
typically contain between 4-18 openings (9 on average) for milk
, to be expressed through during lactation
nipple/areola complex - ANSWER--thought of as one entity; both
elongate up to 2-3 times resting length during breastfeeding;
areola = most sensitive part of breast nipples = least sensitive
everted nipples - ANSWER--most common type of nipples;
protrudes slightly at rest & everts well with stimulation
flat nipples - ANSWER--soft, but pliable & graspable
pseudo-inverted nipples - ANSWER--appear to be inverted but
will evert with stimulation or compression
retracted nipples - ANSWER--type of inverted nipples that appear
to be graspable but retracts, rather than everts, with compression
inverted nipples/nipple inversion - ANSWER--retracted nipples
that occur with retracted both with rest and stimualtion
what are some techniques for flat/inverted nipples that may help
to evert nipples? - ANSWER---inverted syringe
-supple cups
-breast shells
-avent nipplette
-"pinch test" in last trimester of pregnancy
supernumerary nipples - ANSWER--"3rd nipple" or "accessory
nipple" found along line of glandular tissue
