Final- anatomy (Nightingale College)

Final- anatomy (Nightingale College) The structure that is called the "powerhouse" of the cell is the: Mitochondira Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: Organelles A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: Sagittal A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions. right and left A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: Coronal plane Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? Head pointing forward Body standing erect Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up All of the above describe the body in the anatomical position. arms extened from the shoulder, palms up Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): organ The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: stomach pancreas heart reproductive organs heart When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n): tissue The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: trachea. venae cavae. right lung. esophagus. right lung Atomic mass is determined by the number of: protons and neurons AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. exchange An example of a catabolic process is: hydrolysis. dehydration synthesis. formation of a peptide bond. both B and C. Hydrolysis Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: bases The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? decomposition Which of the following represents properties of water? High specific heat High heat of vaporization Strong polarity All of the above all of the above The kind of element is determined by the number of: protons An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. neutrons The octet rule refers to the: A. stability of the nucleus when the protons are in a multiple of eight. B. stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. C. stable configuration of the nucleus when there are eight more neutrons than protons. D. principle that one atom can combine with a maximum of eight other atoms. B. stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): water Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: caveolae The fundamental organizational unit of life is the: cell Main cell structures include all of the following except: organelles. plasma membrane. interstitial fluid. cytoplasm. interstitial fluid A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the: mitochondria. proteasomes. peroxisomes. lysosomes. peroxisomes The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae? Mitochondrion Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. It makes lipids and carbohydrates. B. It is made of broad, flattened sacs. C. It has many ribosomes attached to it. D. All of the above are true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A. it makes lipids and carbohydrates The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called: microvilli DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? nucleus Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins? A. Acting as receptors B. Signal transduction C. Identification of "self" D. All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins. D The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called Keratin Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue? cardiac blood adipose cartilage cardiac The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called extracellular matrix Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? epithelial A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called mucus Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the epidermis Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the arrector pili muscle Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the: langup=o Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules? simple cuboidal epithelium The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the cerumen Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? carpals tarsals metacarpals metatarsals carpals What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? cartilage and tendons ligaments and cartilage muscles and tendons ligaments and tendons ligaments and tendons Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton? vertebra tarsal femur clavicle vertebra Fibrocartilage can be found in the: articular surfaces. middle ear. nasal cavity. symphysis pubis. symphysis pubis The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the: patella Which two bones join to form the posterior part of the hard palate? palatine The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the sternum Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle? clavicle and scapula Which bone serves as the keystone in the architecture of the cranium? sphenoid Which of these pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed? pubis ischium ilium coccygeal pubis Which letter indicates the jugular foramen? E The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the: opponens pollicis Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. The origin of the muscle is attached to the bone that does not move. B. The insertion of the muscle is attached to the bone that moves. C. When the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin. D. All of the above are correct. D The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the: latissimus dorsi The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the: anterior medial surface of the forearm T/F: The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus. true Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be: epimysium, perimysium, endomysium The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? Recus and femoris The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the: trapezius The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? flexor Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? pectoralis minor Which is not true of the myelin sheath? A. It is associated with white fibers in the brain. B. It is important for nerve impulse conduction. C. It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord. D. It is destroyed in those with multiple sclerosis. c Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: nuclei Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve? endoneurium