2023 STAAR Review FHMS

2023 STAAR Review FHMS Reasons for Exploration wealth, religion, expand empires, claim territory Spanish Exploration Claimed Florida, Texas, California & built missions French Exploration claimed land in the New World to profit from fur trading New England Economy based on fishing, lumbering, shipbuilding, harbors Religious Toleration Roger Williams started religious tolerant R.I. Southern Colonies Economy Transatlantic Slave Trade, plantations, cash crops, fertile soil led to different economy than North Quakers 1st anti-slavery group, lived in Pennsylvania Maryland a place for Catholics to live peacefully Reasons for Growth of Representative/Self Government distance from Great Britain, Mayflower Compact (social contract), Virginia House of Burgesses, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Mercantilism British controlled colonial trade, angered colonists Proclamation of 1763 law forbid colonists from moving west of Appalachian Mountains, angered colonists Consent of the Governed belief British should have permission of colonists to pass taxes, main reason for American Revolution Intolerable Acts the British response to the Boston Tea Party, increased tension between colonists and British Unalienable Rights rights all people have from birth; life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness; Declaration of Independence Saratoga The turning point of the American Revolution. France joined with the Patriots Yorktown last major battle resulting in British defeat, Britain then signed Treaty of Paris of 1783 and recognized U.S. independence Articles of Confederation first government, Congress can negotiate treaties and declare war, no executive branch Northwest Ordinance law establishing a way for admitting new states to the United States, territories govern themselves Great Compromise agreement that decided how many representatives large and small states would send to Congress 3/5ths Compromise agreement over how slaves would count for representation and taxation purposes Federalist a person who supported the Constitution, believed it created a more stable Union, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison Anti-Federalist a person who opposed the Constitution, believed it needed a Bill of Rights; Patrick Henry and George Mason Checks and Balances each branch of government has some power over the other two branches, helps to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful Citizen Responsibilities Citizens must serve on juries to determine verdict, vote in elections 1st Amendment freedom of religion (church/mosque), freedom of speech (criticize), freedom of press (media), freedom of assembly (peaceful protest), freedom to petition 4th Amendment No unreasonable searches and seizures 6th Amendment Right to trial by jury in criminal cases 8th Amendment Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment 10th Amendment Rights not given to the federal government are rights of the states, this is the principal of federalism Hamilton's Financial Plan 1) establish national bank 2) pay off war debt 3) pass whiskey tax 4) protective tariff Whiskey Rebellion protest over federal whiskey tax, Washington used domestic force to stop rebellion Farewell Address Washington warned against having permanent foreign alliances and the creation of political parties Federalist Party led by Alexander Hamilton, wanted 1) more Federal govt. power 2) industrial economy 3) Federal Bank Democratic-Republican Party led by Thomas Jefferson; wanted 1) less federal gov't, 2) agricultural economy, 3) federal bank Alien and Sedition Act John Adams (2nd President), angered many Americans, violated freedom of speech Marbury v. Madison