N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Genetics Core Concepts and Objectives with Advanced Organizers

N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Genetics Core Concepts and Objectives with Advanced Organizers Genetics 1. Analyze the pathological processes which alter the structure and role of the DNA and RNA molecules. a. Describe the structure and function of the DNA molecule and its clinical significance. i. Four types of nitrogenous bases of DNA include adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine commonly represented as their first letter. Physical structure of DNA is the double- helix model which can be envisioned as a twisting ladder with chemical bonds as its rungs. Projecting from each side of the ladder at regular intervals are the nitrogenous bases. The bases projecting from one side is bound to the base projecting from the other by a weak hydrogen bond. Adenine pairs with thymine and Guanine pairs with cytosine. Each DNA subunit consists of one deoxyribose molecule, one phosphate group, and one base called a nucleotide. ii. Function of DNA Genetic code, serves as a basis of genetic inheritance and provide a code of all body’s proteins. b. Evaluate the process of DNA replication and describe how it is altered by mutations. i. DNA must be able to replicate itself accurately during cell division to serve as basic genetic material. DNA replication consists of the breaking of the weak hydrogen bonds between the bases leaving a single strand with each base unpaired. The consistent pairing of adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine is known as the complementary base pairing and is the key to accurate replication. In base pairing the unpaired base with attract a free nucleotide only if it has the proper complementary base. EXAMPLE- ATTGCT will bond with TAACGA. When replication is complete a new double strand molecule identica