WGU Pathophysiology D236 Exam Latest updated Graded A+

An ascending lower urinary tract infection (more commonly in women or during pregnancy) often leads to which condition? - Glomerulonephritis Pyelonephritis Nephrolithiasis Acute Kidney Injury An imbalance of secretions can lead to GI issues. Which of these blocks the function of parietal cells? A. Gastrin B. Endoscopy C. Histamine D. PPIs (Proton Pump Inhibitors) - Histamine Choose three of the seven roles (of your choice) of the integumentary system. Describe the vital physiological function that each role serves. Provide at least two examples that illustrate the function for each role you have chosen. - 1) Indicator of general health. Changes in the color of skin or nailbeds can indicate diseases of heart, liver, or blood cell synthesis. Examples: see slides provided. Anemia /shock: pallor. Oxygen deficit: blue skin. 2) Barrier protection. Protect body from chemical and environmental hazards. The stratum corneum is a barrier to antigens and is waterproof. 3) Thermoregulation. Maintain a constant body temperature. Temperature sensors in the dermis send signal to thermoregulatory center in hypothalamus. If warm, will sweat and have capillary dilation. If cold, hairs stand up, surface vessels constrict, and body shivers. 4) Immunological surveillance. Non-specific protection from antigens. Keratinocytes secrete keratin and regulate immune response. 5) Excretion/absorption. Regulate composition and volume of sweat, and help to manage total fluid volume. Many substances pass into and out of body through skin. See slides for more. 6) Mirror for internal disease processes. External signs of internal immune response/inflammatory processes, such as wheals, blisters, and bullae. 7) Production of Vitamin D. Regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Role in bone development. Compare and contrast hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. What are some reasons for a patient choosing one over the other? - Hemodialysis uses a machine to pump blood from the body in one tube while dialysate (made of water, electrolytes and salts) is pumped in the separate tube in the opposite direction. Waste from the blood diffuses through the semipermeable membrane separating the blood from the dialysate.