Praxis SLP Exam Professional Practice and Laws 100% Correct

Praxis SLP Exam Professional Practice and Laws 100% Correct Federal laws regarding freedom of access to information stipulate that client records kept or written by health care professionals can be A.reviewed only by other health-care professionals B.reviewed only by the clients themselves unless the client provides written permission to share with others C.reviewed by anyone who submits a formal written request D.released only by subpoena Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Clients have the right to review their own records. A public-school-based speech-language pathologist is employed in a state that sets the maximum caseload at 65. However, the clinician's caseload is currently at 64 with a waiting list of 10 additional students. The school principal insists that the speech-language pathologist enroll the 10 students immediately, because the district cannot locate another clinician to assist with the caseload. Which of the following is the most appropriate way for the speech-language pathologist to address the situation? A.Enroll 1 of the 10 students and provide the principal with a written statement of caseload needs, mentioning the amount, type, and frequency of treatment B.Refer the 10 students to a speech-language pathologist working in a private setting C.Suggest that the principal ask a school speech-language pathologist from another school district to take the 10 students D.Maintain current caseload until an additional speech-la Option (A) is correct. It provides the principal with a statement detailing the needs of the students awaiting treatment but also observes the state's caseload limit. To justify providing individual treatment for a 2½ year old with apraxia of speech, which of the following would be LEAST important for the SLP to include in the evaluation report? A.A description of the child's typical interaction with peers B.Relevant prognostic data C.Information about apraxia of speech D.A description of the language development of the child's older siblings Option (D) is correct. A description of the child's older siblings' language development does not provide the objective, documented evidence required to justify provision of treatment for a child of an age at which some unintelligibility would be typical. Which of the following best describes the rationale for using standardized, norm-referenced instruments to assess speech-language functioning? A.They enable the clinician to generate weekly statements about a client's treatment progress. B.They provide the clinician with the information that is necessary to generate a specific and comprehensive treatment plan. C.They enable the clinician to understand and make informed statements about how a client's performance compares with the performance of other people. D.They provide the clinician with reliable information about how well a client is likely to respond to treatment. Option (C) is correct. The use of standardized normative instruments enables a clinician to compare a client's language and speech function with the average normal function for a person in the client's age range. Naturalistic teaching chiefly involves which of the following? A.Establishing successful and useful communication B.Using multiple trials and training techniques C.Using more adult-initiated interactions than child-initiated interactions D.Using differential reinforcement, fading, and modeling Option (A) is correct. Naturalistic teaching focuses on the successful production of utterances that are useful in context for communicating. A team of SLPs is evaluating whether a new language intervention is suitable for use with children who are on their caseload. The clinicians read an article documenting research on the effect of a novel treatment on the language performance of 30 children with specific language impairment. The researchers administered a standardized language test to the children before and after the treatment program. The children's posttreatment scores on the test were significantly higher than their pretreatment scores. This led the researchers to conclude that the treatment was highly effective. Based on the preceding description, which of the following appears to be a significant limitation of the design of the study? Select all that apply. A.The use of a single-group pretest-posttest design B.The absence of a control group C.The inability to rule out the possibility that the children's language scores improved for reasons other Options (A), (B), and (C) are correct. The use of a single-group pretest-posttest design is a limitation because there is inadequate control of internal and external validity without a control group. The absence of a control group is a limitation because control groups are a way of introducing control and can better isolate the effect of the treatment. Furthermore, since it is a longitudinal study, improvement based on language development cannot be ruled out. A teacher asks the speech-language pathologist for advice regarding a child who talks excessively during class, rarely listens to instructions, and does work only intermittently. Attempts at alternative seating for the child have not been successful. Of the following, which is the most appropriate recommendation that the speech-language pathologist can provide to the teacher? A.Have the school counselor consider working with the child and the parents on self-control and discipline B.Put the child on a management system for classroom behavior C.Refer the child for evaluation by members of the child-study team D.Suggest remedial speech-language services for the child to improve the child's interactive communication Option (C) is correct. The child has a behavioral problem that should be evaluated for the purposes of identification and management planning. A speech-and-hearing clinic has recently opened, but referrals are slow in coming. Which of the following would be most appropriate and effective for the clinic's director to do first? A.Ask local hospitals to provide names of recent clients likely to need speech-language services B.Identify and define the major consumer groups and referral sources, and develop a plan to reach them C.Identify the weaknesses in the competition, and inform consumer groups and referral sources of the weaknesses D.Wait for demand to increase on its own, because marketing speech-language services is against the ASHA Code of Ethics Option (B) is correct. The clinical director of a new speech-and-hearing clinic would most appropriately prospect for referrals by identifying major consumer groups and creating a plan to contact them. A correct-response rate of 51 percent on a two-choice picture-pointing task would most likely indicate which of the following? A.A random pointing response B.Successful intervention C.Development of crucial discrimination skills by the client D.Readiness to progress to a three-picture point task Option (A) is correct. If an individual is responding randomly on a two-choice task, then there should be no significant preponderance of correct responses over incorrect responses. A result of 51 percent represents such an expected pattern of random responses. For which of the following conditions is it most appropriate for the SLP to recommend that the patient's primary-care physician refer the patient to a prosthodontist for construction of a palatal-lift appliance? A.Submucous cleft palate B.Unrepaired cleft of the secondary palate C.Flaccid paralysis of the soft palate D.Congenitally short palate Option (C) is correct. Construction of a palatal-lift appliance is appropriate for a patient with flaccid paralysis characterized by an intact palate that does not function. Computer software that has been developed to facilitate speech and language treatment can best be used A.in group sessions when the SLP's caseload precludes working individually with clients B.by clients in place of services that would otherwise be provided by an SLP C.by clients under the direction of SLPs D.when SLPs are unavailable Option (C) is correct. Computer software and other aids are intended not to replace treatment sessions provided by an SLP but rather to enhance clients' opportunities to improve their skills in relation to goals established by the clinician. Doing which of the following would likely yield the most useful information about the effectiveness of an intervention strategy? A.Reviewing the results of standardized assessment instruments B.Utilizing a single-subject design (ABAB) or a reversal procedure (ABA) C.Utilizing the subjective, objective, assessment, and plan (SOAP) format D.Requesting that a colleague reevaluate the client Option (B) is correct. An ABAB or ABA design shows changes when intervention is applied. Single-subject design using ABAB or ABA design is the best method to determine whether intervention has succeeded. Which of the following is the ratio of reinforcement that will most quickly cause a newly acquired behavior to be habituated? A.A random ratio of tokens to correct responses B.A ratio of 1 token to 1 correct response C.A ratio of 1 token to 4 correct responses only D.A ratio of 1 token to 10 correct responses only Option (A) is correct. When the goal is to reinforce a behavior that has already been acquired, a random ratio of tokens to correct responses creates an intermittent reinforcement schedule and is the most effective. Such a reinforcement schedule decreases the client's dependence on the token reward. Establishment of which of the following is most important in ensuring that the results of any diagnostic test of speech or language are replicable? A.Content validity B.Interjudge reliability C.Split-half reliability D.Face validity Option (B) is correct. A test that has interjudge reliability is one whose results are replicable, even if different people administer the test. Which of the following is the most reasonable standard to apply when judging whether a client has achieved generalization of a targeted skill? A.The client uses the targeted skill under stimulus conditions that were not present during the training process and without reinforcement. B.The client maintains the correct production of the targeted skill when the reinforcement schedule is changed. C.The client correctly produces the targeted skill effortlessly and without hesitation. D.The client is able to monitor errors and correct them with only a minimal number of cues from the clinician. Option (A) is correct. When judging whether a client has achieved generalization of a targeted skill it is a reasonable standard to apply. It shows that the client is exhibiting the skill independently in situations not covered during training. Which of the following indicates the goal of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ? A.To ensure a patient's privacy and confidentiality of health-care information B.To maximize health insurance coverage for speech-language pathology services C.To ensure a free and appropriate education D.To ensure a patient's knowledge of health insurance Option (A) is correct. Protecting patient privacy and the confidentially of health-care information is the main purpose of HIPAA. A third-party reimburser asks the speech-language pathologist to demonstrate in a diagnostic statement that a child's communication problems have a physiological cause. Which of the following observations, if included in the statement, would best satisfy the request? A.The child's dentition is not yet fully developed but is within normal limits for a child of that age. B.The child has developmental delay, exhibiting speech that is not appropriate for a child of that age. C.The child demonstrates a motor-speech disorder and is unable to perform voluntarily the oral movements required for speech production. D.The child exhibits stridency deletion, consonant cluster reduction, stopping, and fronting. Option (C) is correct. The wording represents a well-written diagnostic statement for a child with communication problems that are physiological, or functional, in nature. None of the other answer choices demonstrates the presence of a physiological problem. With regard to human communication, which of the following viewpoints studies the process of sending and receiving messages? A. Behavioral B. Analytical C. Theoretical D. Linguistic C. Theoretical What specifically prohibits practitioners from charging for future services or incomplete services? A. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) B. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) C. Local Coverages Determinations (LCD) D. The List of Excluded Individuals and Entities (LEIE) D. The List of Excluded Individuals and Entities (LEIE) What is one difficulty with cross-sectional studies? A. The investigator observes differences between subjects of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur within subjects as they mature. B. The investigator observes differences within subject groups of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur between subjects as they mature. C. The same subjects are studied over time; this is expensive, time consuming, and difficult because subjects might drop out of the study. D. The total age span of children to be studied is divided into several overlapping age spans, and it is difficult to follow subjects from the lower to the upper end of each age span. A. The investigator observes differences between subjects of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur within subjects as they mature.