NMTCB Board Prep Questions and Answers

NMTCB Board Prep Questions and Answers Nuclides with the same atomic number ( the same number of protons) but a different number of neutrons are called: - Answer ️️ -isotopes Two nuclides with the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers are called: - Answer ️️ - isobars A nuclide that emits particulate or photon energy to achieve a more stable state: - Answer ️️ - radionuclide Another name for a helium ion containing two protons and two neutrons: - Answer ️️ -alpha particle What is a beta particle? - Answer ️️ -an electron Why are alpha and beta particles not used for imaging? - Answer ️️ -They do not efficiently exit the body, so they can not/ are hard to detect What ratio of protons and neutrons favors beta decay? - Answer ️️ -A low proton-to-neutron ratio, as compared with stable nuclei What is the relationship between the mean energy and the maximum energy of a beta spectrum? - Answer ️️ -The mean energy is about one-third of the max energy What ratio of protons and neutrons favors positron decay? - Answer ️️ -A high proton-to- neutron ratio What two particles are emitted from the nucleus during beta decay? - Answer ️️ -A beta particle and an antineutrino Two nuclides with the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers are called: - Answer ️️ -Isotones What particles are released from the nucleus during positron decay? - Answer ️️ -A positron and a neutrino What is the minimum amount of nuclear energy needed required for positron decay? - Answer ️️ -1.02 MeV What is the fate of a positron? - Answer ️️ -To travel a short distance, combine with an electron, and be annihilated When a positron is annihilated via combination with an electron, the result is the production of __________. - Answer ️️ -two nearly opposed 511-keV photons What ratio of protons and neutrons favors electron capture decay? - Answer ️️ -A high proton- to-neutron ratio What particle is released from the nucleus during electron capture decay? - Answer ️️ -A neutrino What is released from the nucleus during isometric transition? - Answer ️️ -Gamma rays Other than wavelength, frequency, and energy intensity, the fundamental difference between x- rays and gamma rays is _______. - Answer ️️ -X-rays are produced from energy released due to changes in the quantum levels/values of orbital electrons of an atom, while gamma rays are produced from energy shifts within the nucleus When energy from a nuclear transition results in the emission of an orbital electron rather than a gamma ray, this processes is called: - Answer ️️ -internal conversion Internal conversion electrons increase the radiation dose to the patient because ____________. - Answer ️️ -energy from the electron is absorbed into the patients body When energy from an orbital transition results in the emission of an orbital electron rather than an x-ray, the electron is called ___________. - Answer ️️ -an Auger electron What dose the term metastable mean? - Answer ️️ -When an isomeric state is long lived After an electron is ejected from an inner shell orbital, what occurs? - Answer ️️ -Outer shell electrons release energy by moving to now unoccupied, less energetic inner orbitals; the energy released by this transition is termed "characteristic of x-ray radiation" What are the two methods used to create synthetically radioactive materials? - Answer ️️ - Radioactive materials are produced by bombarding a target material with either ions or with neutrons What is used to bombard elements with neutrons? - Answer ️️ -nuclear reactor What is used to bombard elements with protons? - Answer ️️ -accelerator (linear or cyclotron) What are five cyclotron produced radionuclides? - Answer ️️ -In-111, I-123, Ga-67, F-18, and Tl-201 What is a carrier-free radioisotope? - Answer ️️ -A radioisotope that does not contain any nonradioactive species What does the term activity mean? - Answer ️️ -The rate of disintegration of a radionuclide The unit of activity equivalent to 3.7 x 10^10 dps is called __________. - Answer ️️ -the curie What is a becquerel (Bq)? - Answer ️️ -The derived unit of radioactivity used by modern metric system, the SI, is called the becquerel. The Bq is equal to one dps or 2.7027 x 10^-11 Ci. A one-millicurie dose of a radiopharmaceutical is equal to how many becquerels? - Answer ️️ - 37 million (37 MBq) What does the term specific activity mean? - Answer ️️ -The ratio of activity per unit mass What are some specific activities? - Answer ️️ -mCi/mg, mCi/mole, MBq/mg, or MBq/mole The time that it takes for a radionuclide to decay to one-half of its original activity is call its __________ half-life. - Answer ️️ -physical What is the relationship between the physical half-life and the decay constant? - Answer ️️ - Their product equals 0.693 The time that is required for a substance in the body to be reduced to half of its concentration via biological excretion or metabolism is called its ____________ half-life. - Answer ️️ -biological Which type of half-life refers to the overall loss of radioactivity from the body due to physical and biological decay? - Answer ️️ -effective half-life What is the relationship between the effective half-life, biological half-life, and physical half- life? - Answer ️️ -1/ physical half-life + 1/biological half-