Cardiology Nursing 1 Humber Final EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATIONS

Cardiology Nursing 1 Humber Final EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATIONS sinus rhythm regular rhythm Set by SA node at 60 to 100 bpm P waves normal normal qrs PR 0.12 - 0.2 normal qrs less than 0.10 wide qrs is greater than 0.12 Sinus Tachycardia 100-160 bpm SA node reduced time for ventricle filling assess for SOB or chest pain a prolonged QT interval more prone to arrhythmia NSR reflects the heart's normal electrical activity, providing synchrony between the atria and the ventricles. Sinus tachycardia occurs when the sinus node discharges impulses too fast (100 - 160 beats/minute). All other parameters are normal Facts about sinus tachycardia Normal response of heart in certain circumstances (for example exercise) •Begins and ends gradually in contrast to other tachycardias •Usually benign arrhythmia that goes away when underlying cause is treated •Common causes: Anxiety, hypoxia, hypovolemia, hypotension, heart failure, pain, drugs that increase sympathetic tone (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol, nitroprusside), and drugs that decrease parasympathetic tone (atropine) •Persistent sinus tachycardia may result in decreased cardiac output due to a decrease in stroke volume. Cardiac output = stroke volume ×heart rate. A decrease in either stroke volume or heart rate may result in a decrease in cardiac output. Sinus bradycardia occurs when the sinus node discharges impulses too slow (40 - 60 beats/minute). All other parameters are normal. Sinus bradycardia features regular rhythm, rate 40-60 bpm Normal p waves PR interval normal 0.12 to 0.2 QRS normal less than 0.1