IMAGING OF THE URINARY TRACT COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+
Describe the dorsoventral view? - Answer-looking down on the animal from the
back to the belly.
Describe the right lateral view? - Answer-dog lying on the right hand side
Describe the location of the right kidney - Answer-
within retroperitoneal space
more cranial and dorsal than left
tucked under the last rib on right
Describe the location of the left kidney - Answer-
within retroperitoneal space
more caudal and ventral than the right
just behind last rib on the left
What are the locations of the ureters and where do they run? - Answer-
- cranial portions run through retroperitoneal space lateral to the great vessels
(aorta and CVC)
- run briefly through the peritoneum towards the bladder (left briefly tracts through
the bladder wall)
At what region do the ureters enter the bladder? - Answer-region of trigone
ureteral papillae
What is the location of the bladder? - Answer-sits in caudal abdomen, extending
caudally from approx. 3rd/ 4th nipples depending on distention.
What are the adjacent organs of the bladder? - Answer-
ventral - body wall
dorsal - uterus / colon
cranial - small intestines
caudal - prostate/ pelvis
, IMAGING OF THE URINARY TRACT COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+
Describe the structural difference of the urethra in female dogs and cats? - Answer-
urethra is much shorter in females than males with much simpler path
urethra tracks caudally from bladder through pelvic canal to the vulva
Describe the urethra in male cats? - Answer-
Male cat urethra passes through the prostate and exits pelvic canal caudally.
It makes a sharp turn ventrally before entering the penis.
In the male cat, what is a common site of urethral obstruction? - Answer-distal
penis is a common site of urethral obstruction and difficulty passing urinary
catheter is often due to 'kink'
Describe the urethra in male dogs - Answer-
Very long and winding pathway with many opportunities for obstruction
Passes from bladder, through middle of prostate, through pelvic canal caudally and
doubles back ventral to pelvis as it passes into penis and through os penis to
external urethral opening
What are the four diagnostic imaging options for the urinary tract? - Answer-
radiography
ultrasonography
endoscopy
advanced imaging
How long should you starve a patient before urinary tract radiography? - Answer-
12-24 hours
Possibly use an Enema
What control settings should you use for a radiograph of the urinary tract? –
Answer-low KVp and high mAs to maximise contrast
- less contrast if very thin or free abdominal fluid
REVIEW TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+
Describe the dorsoventral view? - Answer-looking down on the animal from the
back to the belly.
Describe the right lateral view? - Answer-dog lying on the right hand side
Describe the location of the right kidney - Answer-
within retroperitoneal space
more cranial and dorsal than left
tucked under the last rib on right
Describe the location of the left kidney - Answer-
within retroperitoneal space
more caudal and ventral than the right
just behind last rib on the left
What are the locations of the ureters and where do they run? - Answer-
- cranial portions run through retroperitoneal space lateral to the great vessels
(aorta and CVC)
- run briefly through the peritoneum towards the bladder (left briefly tracts through
the bladder wall)
At what region do the ureters enter the bladder? - Answer-region of trigone
ureteral papillae
What is the location of the bladder? - Answer-sits in caudal abdomen, extending
caudally from approx. 3rd/ 4th nipples depending on distention.
What are the adjacent organs of the bladder? - Answer-
ventral - body wall
dorsal - uterus / colon
cranial - small intestines
caudal - prostate/ pelvis
, IMAGING OF THE URINARY TRACT COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+
Describe the structural difference of the urethra in female dogs and cats? - Answer-
urethra is much shorter in females than males with much simpler path
urethra tracks caudally from bladder through pelvic canal to the vulva
Describe the urethra in male cats? - Answer-
Male cat urethra passes through the prostate and exits pelvic canal caudally.
It makes a sharp turn ventrally before entering the penis.
In the male cat, what is a common site of urethral obstruction? - Answer-distal
penis is a common site of urethral obstruction and difficulty passing urinary
catheter is often due to 'kink'
Describe the urethra in male dogs - Answer-
Very long and winding pathway with many opportunities for obstruction
Passes from bladder, through middle of prostate, through pelvic canal caudally and
doubles back ventral to pelvis as it passes into penis and through os penis to
external urethral opening
What are the four diagnostic imaging options for the urinary tract? - Answer-
radiography
ultrasonography
endoscopy
advanced imaging
How long should you starve a patient before urinary tract radiography? - Answer-
12-24 hours
Possibly use an Enema
What control settings should you use for a radiograph of the urinary tract? –
Answer-low KVp and high mAs to maximise contrast
- less contrast if very thin or free abdominal fluid
