NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers Latest Updated 2024 (GRADED A+)

NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers Latest Updated 2024 (GRADED A+) blood flow reestablished to quickly Distributive shock Anaphylactic shock Reprofusion injury spinal cord injury •Life-threatening complication of many conditions •Results from an inappropriate immune response •Widespread coagulation followed by massive bleeding because of the depletion of clotting factors •Complications: shock and multisystem organ failure Disseminated intravascular coagulation - DIC Chronic Bronchitis Manifestations and Treatment Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation DIC Traumatic Brain Injury Complications thyroid gland - T3, T4, calcitonin parathyroid gland - parathyroid hormone during acute respiratory failure 1 of 52 NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers Latest Updated 2024 (GRADED A+) S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 5. 6. 7. 8. stress incontinence secondary brain injury Glands that regulate calcium altered level of consciousness BP drops HR goes up hypotensive Glands that regulate calcium spinal cord injury shock sighs and symptoms Reprofusion injury chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting himself does not get better hemorrhagic stroke Bone electrolytes sickle cell crisis unstable angina Abnormally low white blood cell count •Normal range = 5,000 to 10,000 cells/mL3 blood beta cells Leukopenia Pneumonia CT scan damage to the alveoli air can get in, but not out emphysema lecture 2 of 52 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 9. Normal CO2 levels anemia symptoms Stabilize the patient Manifestations •May be vague and develop slowly, or may be sudden and severe. •Symptoms may improve and then suddenly worsen. •The outward appearance of the head is not an indication of the injury severity. •Not being able to recall event details •Indications of a concussion •Changes in or unequal pupil size •Seizures •Asymmetrical facial features •Fluid draining from the nose, mouth, or ears •Fracture of skull or face •Bruising of face •Swelling at site of injury •Scalp wound •Impaired hearing, smell, taste, speech, or vision •Inability to move one or more limbs •Irritability (especially in children) •Personality changes •Unusual behavior •Loss of consciousness •Bradypnea •Hypotension •Restlessness •Lack of coordination •Lethargy •Stiff neck •Vomiting Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Manifestations and Treatment Acute Bronchitis Manifestations Tuberculosis Manifestations and Treatment Traumatic Brain Injury Manifestations 3 of 52 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 10. 11. 12. 13. not enough ADH Alkalosis Stable Angina spinal cord injury diabetes insipidus -Homozygous. -Most severe. -Almost all erythrocytes are sickled. Cushing's syndrome sickle cell crisis Sickle cell disease Normal CO2 levels •Frequently caused by aspirin—prevents the conversion of prostaglandins, which stimulate leukotriene release, a powerful bronchoconstrictor. •Can be fatal. •Reactions can be delayed up to 12 hours after drug ingestion. Acute Bronchitis Drug-induced asthma stress incontinence Tuberculosis TB pulmonary edema, wet coughing, shortness of breath, and dyspnea Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Left sided heart failure symptoms Right sided heart failure symptoms Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) 4 of 52 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 14. 15. 16. •Result from direct injury to the spinal cord or indirectly from damage to surrounding bones, tissues, or blood vessels. •Causes: motor vehicle accidents, falls, violence, sports injuries, and weakening vertebral structures (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis or osteoporosis). •Direct damage can occur if the spinal cord is pulled, pressed sideways, or compressed. -This damage may occur if the head, neck, or back twists abnormally during an accident or injury. •Hemorrhage, fluid accumulation, and edema can occur inside or outside the spinal cord (but within the spinal canal). •The accumulation of blood or fluid can compress the spinal cord and damage it. •Spinal shock: temporary suppression of neurologic function because of spinal cord compression; neurologic function gradually returns. Complications •Loss of neurologic functioning •Varying degrees of paralysis •Cauda equina syndrome: injury to the nerve roots in the area of the cauda equina •Autonomic hyperreflexia: a massive sympathetic response that can cause headaches, hypertension, tachycardia, seizures, stroke, and death; most commonly associated with injuries above T6 •Neurogenic shock: an abnormal vasomotor response secondary to disruption of sympathetic impulses •Respiratory failure •Effects of immobility (e.g., constipation, pulmonary infections, urinary infections, thrombus, impaired skin integrity, contractures) •Changes in bowel and bladder function •Sexual dysfunction •Chronic pain •Death Normal HCO3 levels Spinal Cord Injury Sickle Cell Anemia Myocardial Infarction high blood pressure damages two organs beta cells Liver failure spinal cord injury heart and kidneys -Tends to be more sudden and severe -Causes: renal disease, adrenal gland tumors, certain congenital heart defects, certain medications, and illegal 5 of 52 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 17. 18. 19. drugs stress incontinence Increased Intracranial Pressure Chronic Bronchitis Secondary hypertension •Chronic inflammatory disease characterized by thickening and hardening of the arterial wall. •Inflammatory process is triggered by a vessel wall injury. •Lesions develop on the vessel wall and calcify over time. •Leads to vessel obstruction, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction •Complications: peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, thrombi, hypertension, and stroke •Manifestations: asymptomatic until complications develop •Treatment: similar to dyslipidemia with the addition of angioplasty, bypass, laser procedures, and artherectomy Atherosclerosis Lobar pneumonia Tuberculosis TB Hypertension kidney injury and prerenal injury can lead to hemostasis asthma bleeding seizure signs •Second most common blood cancer •Cancer of the leukocytes •Leukemia cells abnormally proliferate, crowding normal blood cells Pneumonia Leukemia 6 of 52 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material EMAIL ME: S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 20. 21. 22. 23. Thalassemia hypoatremia •Increased volume in the cranial cavity •Causes: traumatic brain injury, tumor, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, and hemorrhage coronary artery disease (CAD) Tuberculosis Secondary Infection Leukemia Manifestations and Treatment Increased Intracranial Pressure Thalassemia major is the most severe form of beta thalassemia. It develops when beta globin genes are missing. The symptoms of thalassemia major generally appear before a child's second birthday. The severe anemia related to this condition can be life-threatening. Polycythemia Manifestations and Treatment Hemophilia A Thalassemia major Sickle Cell Anemia Left ventricle cannot maintain adequate cardiac output. Cardiogenic shock Nosocomial pneumonia Anaphylactic shock esophageal varices decreased blood volume alpha cells Encephilitis Hypovolemic shock Hypovolemia 7 of 52 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material EMAIL ME: S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 24. 25. 26. 27. •Blue bloaters" •Characterized by inflammation of the bronchi, a productive cough, and excessive mucus production •Complications: frequent respiratory infections and respiratory failure Chronic Bronchitis Occupational asthma Intrinsic asthma Acute Bronchitis •Prolonged elevation in blood pressure. •Excessive cardiac workload due to vasoconstriction, which leads to increased afterload. •Vasoconstriction decreases renal blood flow, leading to inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system. •Hypertension can be classified into systolic or diastolic based on which measure is elevated. seizure signs Hypertension Emphysema Tuberculosis TB strokes caused by blockage in a blood vessel in the brain Ischemic damage is permanent cystic fibrosis Ischemic strokes unstable angina Thrombocytopenia •Staging -Stage I: The lymphoma cells are in one lymph node group or one part of a tissue or an organ. -Stage II: The lymphoma cells are in at least two lymph node groups on the same side of the diaphragm, or the lymphoma cells are in one part of a tissue or an organ and the lymph nodes near that organ. -Stage III: The lymphoma cells are in lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm. Lymphoma cells may be 8 of 52 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material EMAIL ME: S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 28. 29. 30. found in one part of a tissue or an organ near these lymph node groups. Cells may also be found in the spleen. -Stage IV: Lymphoma cells are found in several parts of one or more organs or tissues, or the lymphoma cells are in an organ and in distant lymph nodes. -Recurrent: The disease returns after treatment. Coronary Artery Disease Hodgkin's Lymphoma Staging Pregnancy-induced hypertension Peripheral Vascular Disease make glucagon - helps raise blood sugar levels alpha cells anemia symptoms hypoatremia appendicitis has Reed-Sternberg cells tension pneumothorax Cushing's syndrome Normal HCO3 levels Hodgkin's lymphoma •Manifestations: dyspnea, labored and shallow respirations, rales, productive cough with frothy sputum, hypoxia, cyanosis, fever, hypotension, tachycardia, restlessness, confusion, lethargy, and anxiety •Treatment: endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilator, oxygen therapy, corticosteroids, antibiotics (if bacterial infections are present), and emboli precautions Alzheimer's Disease Manifestations and Treatment Cystic Fibrosis Manifestations and Treatment Emphysema Manifestations and Treatment Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Manifestations and Treatment 9 of 52 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material EMAIL ME: S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. inflammation of the meninges menigitis Balance pnemonia Alkalosis damage to the brain caused by a different disorder injury responding to something else multiple sclerosis secondary brain injury Traumatic Brain Injury contact dermatitis Another word for homeostasis