NURS 6521 Mid Term Advanced Pharmacology 6521 Mid Term Questions with Verified Answers 2023/2024

NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology 6521 Mid Term Questions with Verified Answers 2023/2024 Surfactant Laxatives - correct Answer Meds: Docusate sodium (Colace) Docusate calcium (Surfak) temporary treatment of constipation * avoid if narrowing of intestines Give with a full glass of water or juice Osmotic Laxatives - correct Answer Salts draw water into the intestine causing fecal mass to soften and swell stimulating peristalsis. Low dose 6-12 hours, high dose 2-6 hours. magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, polyethylene glycol, lactulose (can be used to lower blood ammonia in liver disease) * Increase fluid intake. Not good for kidney disease. Sodium phosphate exacerbates cardiac disease. Stimulant Laxatives - correct Answer bisacodyl: (tablets: give at night to have BM in am , no crushing or chewing, no milk or antacids;Suppositories: BM within 15-60 min, may cause proctitis); senna: BM 6-12 hours after. May cause pink or brown urine. castor oil: acts on small intestine 2-6 hour BM. Limit to only when prep for radiology procedures. Chill and mix in juice. * easily abused, Give with a full glass of water. Miscellaneous Laxatives - correct Answer Lubiprostone, mineral oil, glycerin suppository, polyethylene glycol- electrolyte solution, Sodium picosulfate / magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid antiemetic - correct Answer a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting Ondesetron Class: 5HT3 receptor antagonist - correct Answer Zofran Indication: Chemotherapy N/V, postoperative N/V, radiation induced N/V Oral or Parental * Prolonges QT interval (leading to torsades de pointes) Glucocorticoids used as antiemetic - correct Answer Not approved by FDA. Solumedrol and dexamethasone. Given IV. Metoclopramide (Reglan) - correct Answer controls post-op NV suppresses emesis and increases upper GI mobility Cannabinoids - correct Answer Dronabinol (marinol) and Nabilone (cesamet). Suppresses CINV. Alosetron (Lotronex) - correct Answer Used for IBS-D in women that has lasted 6 months Blocks 5-HT3 receptors resulting in firm stool and decrease in urgency and frequency of defecation Can cause constipation PPIs - correct Answer Proton-pump inhibitors - pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production - destroyed by stomach acid (take on empty stomach) - work really well - "attack from the back" - used as a controller Ex. Omeprazole (Prilosec) Mesalamine - correct Answer ulcerative colitis Ranitidine (Zantac) - correct Answer H2 receptor antagonist. Potent inhiitor of gastric acid secretion Indications: GERD, ulcers, H. pylori, reflux, indigestion ADR: Pain, constipation, diarrhea, headache. Can cause jaundice