USAHS Biophysical Agents Midterm – Qs And As
What is the sequelae of tissue healing? ✔️Ans - 1. Inflammation
2. Proliferation
3. Maturation and remodeling
What occurs during the inflammation response? ✔️Ans - Hemostasis,
edema, pain, and cardinal signs (red, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function)
What occurs during the proliferation response? ✔️Ans - Repairs defect by
laying down new tissue
What occurs during the maturation/remodeling response? ✔️Ans -
Longest duration, rearranging of collagen matrix
What is the goal in the inflammation phase? ✔️Ans - Reduce blood flow/
decrease cellular metabolism to lessen the formation of edema
What is the goal in the proliferation phase? ✔️Ans - Enhance blood flow/
cellular activity
What is the goal in the maturation phase? ✔️Ans - Facilitate collagen
maturation/organization
_____________ is the process of encoding and processing noxious stimuli.
✔️Ans - Nociception
What is the difference between A-delta and C fibers as nociceptors? ✔️Ans
- A-delta: small and myelinated (respond to mechanical and thermal
stimuli; becomes sensitized) presents as a sharp, stabbing, short lasting
pain
C fibers: small unmyelinated (response to broad range of stimuli;
polymodal) presents as dull, aching, burning, long lasting pain
, What are the two types of 2nd order neurons? ✔️Ans - High threshold
and wide dynamic range
________ __________ neurons- nociceptive specific, receiving input only from
peripheral nociceptors. ✔️Ans - High threshold
_________ ________ _________ neurons- receive input from nociceptive and non-
nociceptive primary afferent fibers. ✔️Ans - Wide dynamic range
True or false:
Both high threshold and wide dynamic range neurons become sensitized
after injury. ✔️Ans - True
__________ ________________ results in increased responsiveness to noxious and
non-noxious stimuli, increased receptive field, and reduced activation
thresholds. ✔️Ans - Central sensitization
What are the biophysical effects of cryotherapy? (5) ✔️Ans - -
Hemodynamic changes (vasoconstriction and increased viscosity)
-Decreased tissue metabolism
-Decreased peripheral nerve conduction velocity
-Decreased gamma-motor neuron activity
-Decreased muscle-spindle discharge
What are the goals of cryotherapy? (4) ✔️Ans - -Reduce tissue
metabolism
-Reduce inflammation
-Reduce edema formation
-Reduce pain
How does cryotherapy decrease pain? ✔️Ans - Decreased afferent input
due to slower nerve conduction velocity and stimulation of thermal
receptors (gate control theory)
Why shouldn't exercise be performed immediately after cryotherapy?
✔️Ans - Decrease muscle strength, decreased joint proprioception
Commercial cold packs and ice bags should be used for ______min. ✔️Ans -
20-30
What is the sequelae of tissue healing? ✔️Ans - 1. Inflammation
2. Proliferation
3. Maturation and remodeling
What occurs during the inflammation response? ✔️Ans - Hemostasis,
edema, pain, and cardinal signs (red, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function)
What occurs during the proliferation response? ✔️Ans - Repairs defect by
laying down new tissue
What occurs during the maturation/remodeling response? ✔️Ans -
Longest duration, rearranging of collagen matrix
What is the goal in the inflammation phase? ✔️Ans - Reduce blood flow/
decrease cellular metabolism to lessen the formation of edema
What is the goal in the proliferation phase? ✔️Ans - Enhance blood flow/
cellular activity
What is the goal in the maturation phase? ✔️Ans - Facilitate collagen
maturation/organization
_____________ is the process of encoding and processing noxious stimuli.
✔️Ans - Nociception
What is the difference between A-delta and C fibers as nociceptors? ✔️Ans
- A-delta: small and myelinated (respond to mechanical and thermal
stimuli; becomes sensitized) presents as a sharp, stabbing, short lasting
pain
C fibers: small unmyelinated (response to broad range of stimuli;
polymodal) presents as dull, aching, burning, long lasting pain
, What are the two types of 2nd order neurons? ✔️Ans - High threshold
and wide dynamic range
________ __________ neurons- nociceptive specific, receiving input only from
peripheral nociceptors. ✔️Ans - High threshold
_________ ________ _________ neurons- receive input from nociceptive and non-
nociceptive primary afferent fibers. ✔️Ans - Wide dynamic range
True or false:
Both high threshold and wide dynamic range neurons become sensitized
after injury. ✔️Ans - True
__________ ________________ results in increased responsiveness to noxious and
non-noxious stimuli, increased receptive field, and reduced activation
thresholds. ✔️Ans - Central sensitization
What are the biophysical effects of cryotherapy? (5) ✔️Ans - -
Hemodynamic changes (vasoconstriction and increased viscosity)
-Decreased tissue metabolism
-Decreased peripheral nerve conduction velocity
-Decreased gamma-motor neuron activity
-Decreased muscle-spindle discharge
What are the goals of cryotherapy? (4) ✔️Ans - -Reduce tissue
metabolism
-Reduce inflammation
-Reduce edema formation
-Reduce pain
How does cryotherapy decrease pain? ✔️Ans - Decreased afferent input
due to slower nerve conduction velocity and stimulation of thermal
receptors (gate control theory)
Why shouldn't exercise be performed immediately after cryotherapy?
✔️Ans - Decrease muscle strength, decreased joint proprioception
Commercial cold packs and ice bags should be used for ______min. ✔️Ans -
20-30
