NUR1460 EXAM 1 questions and answers with correct solutions.

NUR1460 EXAM 1 questions and answers with correct solutions. Hypokalemia- CAUSES - correct answers.*** alkalotic. body is trying to DITCH potassium.*** D: drugs (laxatives, loop/thiazide diuretics) I: inadequate consumption of potassium (NPO, starving) T: too much water intake (dilutes potassium) C: Cushing's Syndrome H: Heavy fluid loss (diarrhea, vomiting, NG suction, wound drainage, sweating) Hypokalemia- S/S - correct answers.A SIC WALT A: alkalosis S: shallow respirations I: irritability C: confusion and drowsiness W: weakness and fatigue A: arrhythmias L: lethargy T: thread pulse Hypokalemia- INTERVENTIONS - correct answers.-watch other electrolytes (magnesium especially as it decreases too & hard to get potassium back up if magnesium is low) -never give IV push, IM or SUBQ -if giving IV give according to bag instruction- 20 meq/mL in 1L bag, 100ml an hour ***always watch patients to see how they react to medication. Hyperkalemia- CAUSES - correct body CARED too much about potassium C: cellular movement of potassium from intracellular to extracellular (burns, tissue damage, acidosis) A: adrenal insufficiency w/ Addison's disease R: renal failure E: excessive intake D: Drugs (potassium-sparing drugs like Aldactone, Triamterene, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS) Hyperkalemia- S/S - correct answers.MURDER M: muscle weakness U: urine output- little R: respiratory failure (due to decreased ability to use breathing muscles) D: decreased cardiac contractility (weak pulse, low BP) E: early signs of muscle twitches/cramps- late signs profound weakness R: rhythm changes Hyperkalemia- INTERVENTIONS - correct answers.Prepare patient for dialysis if they are renal failure and get dialysis regularly as they will have high potassium. Kayexalate is sometimes ordered, promotes GI sodium absorption which causes potassium excretion, give potassium wasting diuretics like Lasix or hydrochlorothiazide, administer hypertonic solution of glucose and regular insulin to pull potassium into cell (glucagon and insulin). Cut back on foods that are high in potassium foods high in potassium - correct oes, pork, oranges, tomatoes, avocados, strawberries, spinach, fish, mushrooms, musk melons, cantaloupe, carrots, raisins, bananas Hypocalcemia- CAUSES - correct ber LOW CALCIUM L: low parathyroid hormone O: oral intake inadequate W: wound drainage C: Celiac's and Crohn's A: acute pancreatitis L: low vitamin D levels C: chronic kidney issues I: increased phosphorus levels in the blood U: using medication such as magnesium supplements, laxatives, loop diuretics, calcium binder drugs M: mobility issues Hypocalcemia- S/S - correct answers.CRAMPs C: confusion R: reflexes hyperactive A: arrhythmias M: muscles spasms in calves or feet, tetany, seizures P: positive Trousseau (before Chvostek) Hypocalcemia- INTERVENTIONS - correct answers.-safety (watch for falls due to confusion) -administer IV calcium -administer calcium oral with vitamin D supplements foods high in calcium - correct t, sardines, cheese, spinach, collard greens, tofu, rhubarb, milk