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2 Samenvatting - Anatomie & fysiologie keypoints 2: MOLECULAIRE ORGANISATIENIVEAU

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samenvatting anatomie en fysiologie 1: keypoints hoofdstuk 2: vives Brugge, 1e jaar bachelor verpleegkunde

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Hoofdstuk 2: het moleculaire organisatieniveau
Keypoints van dit hoofdstuk
1. Bespreek/teken de bouw van een atoom
• Kern (protonen + neutronen), 1ste elektronenschil, 2de elektronenschil
• Elk positief geladen proton geneutraliseerd door negatief geladen elektron à
atomen: elektrisch neutraal
• Bestaat uit protonen (pos elektrische lading), neutronen (geen elektrische lading),
en elektronen (neg elektrische lading) à buiten de kern (elektrische schil)

2. Wat betekenen de termen:
• Atoomgetal: aantal protonen in de kern atoom (atoomnummer: evenveel protonen
& elektronen)
• Massagetal: soms aantal protonen + som aantal neutronen
• Atoomgewicht: massa P+ + massa N0 + massa E –

3. Wat is het maximaal aantal elektronen op de verschillende elektronenschillen
• Eerste elektronenschil: max 2, tweede elektronenschil: max 8

4. Welk drie chemische bindingen tussen atomen of moleculen ken je? Bespreek elke chemische binding
1. Ionbindingen:
• Chemische binding die ontstaat door chemische aantrekkingskracht tss
anionen (-) en kationen (+)
• Groep: aantal e op buitenste schil
• Periode: aantal schillen met e
2. Covalente bindingen
• Atomen delen elektronen met elkaar
• Één paar elektronen delen à enkelvoudige covalente binding
• Twee paar elektronen delen: dubbele covalente binding
• E gelijk verdeeld à apolair
• E niet gelijk verdeeld à polair
3. Waterstofbruggen
• Binding tss 2 waterstofmoleculen
4. Metaalbindingen
• Binding enkel kation en afgestane ‘vrije’ elektronen
• Bij elkaar houden gebeurt in metaalrooster

5. Welke 3 typen chemische reacties ken je? Bespreek elk type chemische reactie.
1. Afbraakreacties:
• Moleculen worden tot kleine fragmenten afgebroken

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