CMLA study guide with correct answers.

CMLA study guide with correct answers. Standard Precautions Guidelines thats use the CDC Universal Precautions and OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standards to direct healthcare workers in protection against pathogens transmitted by infectious patients Universal Precautions Steps formulated by the CDC to protect workers against HIV and other blood-born pathogens and body fluids Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) A document that contains details about the specific chemical hazards present in the workplace. transmission-based precautions CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions Aseptic preventing infection; having a cleansing effect airborne moved or conveyed by or through air hazard A danger or risk. Pathogen An organism that causes disease, blood, and other body fluids exposure to come in contact Pictogram (pictograph) Images representing proper ways to take or store medications, precautions, or other important information about a medication or tool that is provided through health care Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Document required by OSHA that provides information on the safe use of and hazards of chemicals, as well as emergency steps to take in the event chemicals are splashed, sprayed, or ingested chain of infection infectious agent, reservoir(people animal object), portal of exit(coughing body secretions), mode of transmission(touch infectious object or person), portal of entry(open wound or facial area), susceptible host(me/anyone) Bleach to water ratio 1 part bleach to 10 parts water Infection control practices and procedures that prevent the spread of infection Isolation techniques include: streak plate technique, pour plate technique, spread plate technique, gram stain, blood cultures, cultures aseptic techniques techniques that prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms such as disposable gloves, plexiglass shields, proper ppe Disease prevention and control prevent and control communicable diseases and provide travel medicine, population health management, and hospital-acquired infection control. Precision vs. Accuracy Ability to repeatedly get the same result vs. the ability to get the correct target value Reliability The accuracy and precision of a testing procedure or instrument Linearity Measure of an instrument ability to measure test results in an accurate matter test results put it in a straight line on a graph Mean value average Coefficient of Variation (CV) A measure of relative variability computed by dividing the standard deviation by the mean and multiplying by 100. CV= (s/x) x 100 Standard deviation a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean value Adapter Connecting part of two pieces Hematoma Leakage of blood into tissues Seizure a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time Serum plasma without clotting factors preservative a substance that stops the growth of microorganisms in blood Lancet small surgical tool for making incisions petechiae a small raised bumps shows the patient is going to bleed excessively red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin. Plasma (blood) 60% of blood is plasma which contains salts called electrolytes, nutrients, and waste. Transfer device A device that allows blood to be transferred from one device to another, such as from a syringe to a vacutainer Whole blood consists of 55% plasma and 45% formed elements, Erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC), Platelets / Blood from which none of the elements have been removed. It is usually referred to as blood, collected from a doner and anticoagulated for the purpose of blodd replenishment for a recipient / 55% plasma and 45% formed elements, Erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC), Platelets Syncope fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum anticoagulant prevents blood clotting Time limit plasma can set on the cells ASAP maximum 2 hours chain of custody a written record of all people, and times of who have had possession of the sample Serum (blood) A slightly yellow solution obtained by first allowing blood to clot and then removing the solids by centrifugation. Differs from plasma since it contains none of the clotting factors (principally fibrinogen and platelets) found in plasma. clotted blood vs anticoagulated blood Rbc clotted vs. prevents blood clots mid-stream urine specimen Mid portion of urine collected after cleansing the urethra (Peeing, stopping, then peeing into container). Used for bacterial culture, and routine screening. Random urine specimen a urine specimen collected at any time, without regard to diet or time of day clean catch urine specimen a urine specimen obtained by cleaning the genitalia and then capturing a midstream urine sample for laboratory analysis timed urine specimen begins after discarding first specimen and ends with a final voiding at the end of the time period (24 hr urine) drug-screening urine test a rapid method of identifying the presence in the body of one or more drugs of abuse Stool specimen collection should be properly collected, labeled, and placed in appropriate container; do not let specimen mix; need 1" of formed stool or 15-30ml of liquid (have patient complete this if possible) Semen collection Advise pt to abstain from sex for 3-5 days and then collect specimen in clean container, no collecting specimen in rubber condoms, keep specimen at room temp, no lubricant use, and bring to lab within 1 hour of expose to light or heat Sputum collection rinse mouth w/ water, Sit on the side of the bed or in high fowerls, inhale deeply several times, cough deeply into sterile container Time and temperature for specimen Semen: return in one hour and put on ice, Blood: can be stored at room temp for up to 8 hours unless test says otherwise Urine: 1 hr or put in the refrigerator Sputum: can be refrigerated for 24 hours or room temp for 2 hours Urine preservatives Refrigeration: Formalin: Toluene: Presevative tables: Chloroform: Boric acid: prevents cell degradation and overgrowth of organisms Chlorohexidine: Gram stain procedure smear, heat fix, stain with crystal violet 1 min, wash with water, apply grams iodine 1 min, wash with water, apply decolorize with alcohol solution, wash with water immediately, apply safranin wait 1 min, wash with water, blot dry, examine. Gram stain results Positive = Purple gram, Negative = Pink gram or Red gram Specimen Storage Store in refrigerator if needs to be chilled or in a hot oven type thing if needs to be warm for bacteria growth Specimen disposal Place in biohazard bag and bin Shipping Specimens place in a rigid, leak-proof container, which should itself be placed in an outer, leak-proof container label both primary and secondary containers place in rigid shipping box cushion contents may use freezer packs but not ice do not place submission forms next to primary containers, may enclose form in plastic bag, call ahead to where shipping Preexamination (preanalytical phase) the part of the process that occurs from the time lab test are ordered through the time that spcimens are actually processed and delivierd to the lab or transported to a referal lab/ before the specimen is examined ex; wrong labeled wrong storage, processed wrong transported to wrong area or wrong lab Nephrology study of the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys -itis (suffix) infection of; inflammation of Blood is supplied through the kidneys by Renal arteries/ about 1,200 mL of blood per minute enters the renal arteries Nephrons Structural and functional units of the kidneys, they remove waszte products from the blood and regulate water and electrolyte concentrations in blood and other body fluids 1,000,000 nephrons per kidney micturition urination glomerulonephritis inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney