PDG EXAM 2024 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS

PGD correct answerspreimplantation genetic diagnosis PGD purpose correct answers-reproductive technology, used with IVF cycle, that can be used for diagnosis of genetic disease in early embryos prior to implantation (embryo transfer), and sex selection. -used for aneuploidy screening & diagnosis of unbalanced inheritance of chromosome abnormalities. Step 1: IVF-In Vitro Fertilization correct answers1. *ovarian stimulation*-woman given hormone treatments to stimulate egg production. 2. *Follicular Aspiration*-Multiple eggs take from the woman's ovaries. 3. *ICSI*-In the lab, the eggs are mixed with the man's sperm cells in a culture dish to become fertilized. 4. *Places in incubator and checked for fertilization for presence of 2 nuclei*-fertilized eggs or embryos are placed in an incubator for about 48 hours. 5. *Embryo allowed to divide for 3-4 days*-implanted in uterus or frozen for future implanting. Step 2: Biopsy correct answers-After an embryo has divided for 3-4 days-biopsy performed to remove on the cells from 6-10 cell embryo. Type of Biopsy: Cleavage-Stage Embryo correct answersMost common -removal of blastomere from 8 cell embryo (blastocyst) Type of Biopsy: Polar Body Biopsy correct answers-only works for testing female chromosomal disorder because it contains only the chromosomal content of the egg since the polar body is taken before fertilization. -Limitations: chromosomal abnormalities occurring after fertilization are not detected. Type of Biopsy: Blastocyst Biopsy correct answers-performed on day 5 post-egg retrieval when the egg has an inner cell mass & trophectoderm (outer cell mass)