Pharmacology

Pharmacology: A Patient-Centered Nursing Process Approach 11th Edition legal and basic principles In-class activity Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-the process of drug movement throughout the body necessary to achieve drug action Absorption - ANSWER-the movement of the drug into the bloodstream after administration Bioavailability - ANSWER-percentage of administered drug available for activity First Pass Effect (Metabolism) - ANSWER-some drugs are metabolized to an inactive form and are excreted, thus reducing the amount of active drug available to exert a pharmacologic effect Distribution - ANSWER-movement of the drug from the circulation to body tissues Distribution is affected by - ANSWER-Blood flow to tissues Faster: heart , liver, kidneys, and brain Slower: muscle, skin, and fat blood-brain barrier - ANSWER-limits and slows effect lipid soluble meds can pass Protein binding of drugs - ANSWER-binds with most protein (albumin) Drug-Drug interactions - ANSWER-2 meds are trying to be bound one will not be as bound as the other so it will have less effect and there is a risk of toxicity Metabolism - ANSWER-the process by which the body chemically changes drugs into a form that can be excreted P-450 enzyme - ANSWER-helps break down the med and evacuate Grapefruit juice - ANSWER-tastes like crap but also inhibits P-450 Phenytoin - ANSWER-is a P-450 inducer Factors that decrease metabolism - ANSWER-cardiovascular dysfunction (poor diffusion) renal insufficiency (can't secrete) starvation (no protein) obstructive jaundice slow acetylator erythromycin or ketoconazole drug therapy decreased metabolism results in - ANSWER-accumulation of drugs prolonged action of the drug drug toxicity factors that increase metabolism - ANSWER-fast acetylator barbiturate therapy rifampin therapy (P-450 inducer) increased metabolism results in - ANSWER-diminished pharmacological effects Excretion - ANSWER-Process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated from the body primary organs for excretion - ANSWER-kidneys, liver, and bowel conditions that can effect excretion - ANSWER-renal insufficiency