PN VATI Pharmacology Exam 2023/2024 Questions and Answers.

PN VATI Pharmacology Exam 2023/2024 Questions and Answers. PN VATI Pharmacology Exam 1. A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has a myasthenia gravis and is experiencing a cholinergic crisis. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect the RN to administer? a) Bethanechol b) Propranolol c) Atropine d) Epinephrine ANSWER: ATROPINE. Rationale: A cholinergic crisis is the result of too much cholinesterase inhibitor medication, which causes manifestations of excessive muscarinic stimulation, such as muscle weakness, bradycardia, vomiting, and paralysis. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist that is administered IV to reverse anticholinergic effects. The nurse might need to assist with respiratory support to provide adequate oxygenation to the client until manifestations resolve. 2. A nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and a new prescription for lithium. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse plan to monitor for potential adverse effects? a) Prothrombin Time b) Hematocrit c) Sodium d) Potassium ANSWER: SODIUM. Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client's sodium level while the client is taking lithium. When the client's sodium level is low, the kidneys retain lithium, which can cause toxicity. Because polyuria is an adverse effect of lithium in 50% to 70% of clients treated, HYPOnatremia is a significant risk. The nurse should reinforce teaching with the client about eating consistent amounts of sodium and drinking 2 to 3 L of fluid daily to help prevent lithium toxicity. 3. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for rosuvastatin to treat high cholesterol levels. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to monitor and report to the provider immediately? a) Muscle weakness b) Headache c) Abdominal pain d) Insomnia ANSWER: MUSCLE WEAKNESS. Rationale: When using the urgent vs. non-urgent approach to client care, the nurse should determine that the priority finding to report is muscle weakness (myalgia) or tenderness because it can be a manifestation of rhabdomyolysis, a rare but potentially fatal adverse effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) thearpy. Rhabdomyolysis is a disintegration of muscle tissue that causes elevations in creatine kinase, potentially impairing renal function. 4. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse regarding safe procedures for medication administration. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching? a) "I will identify the client by verifying the client's name using the room number." b) "I can administer antibiotics 1 hour before the scheduled time." c) "I will check the label on the client's medication three times before administering it." d) "I will leave the client's medication at the client's bedside." ANSWER: "I WILL CHECK THE LABEL ON THE CLIENT'S MEDICATION THREE TIMES BEFORE ADMINISTERING IT." Rationale: The nurse should check the label three times; when the medications is removed from the dispensing system, when the medication is being prepared for administration, and at the client's bedside before administering the medication. 5. A nurse is preparing to administer Lactated Ringer's solution 350 mL to infuse over 1 hr. The drop factor of the tubing is 10 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round answer to the nearest whole number.) ANSWER: 58 gtt/min. Rationale: 350mL divided by 60 minutes times drop factor of 10 = 58.333 6. A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving morphine to relieve post-operative pain. The client's respiratory rate is 9/min. The nurse should notify the provider and expect a stat prescription for which of the following medications? a) Naloxone b) Glucagon c) Flumazenil d) Protamine ANSWER: NALOXONE. Rationale: Morphine is an opioid analgesic. Naloxone, an opiate antagonist, reverses the effects of opioids, including respiratory depression and sedation. After administering naloxone, the nurse should continue to monitor the client's respiratory function and pain control.