1 Know the definition of GIS Start with the definition and systematically
2 Know all concepts and terminology. Geographic Information Systems work your way to the right and downwards.
1 4 2
DEFINITION: A computer system of hardware, software and methods where spatial data (georeferenced) together with non-spatial data (attributes) are captured,
3 5
managed, manipulated, analysed, modelled and displayed in order to solve complex planning and management problems.
Capturing: keyboard, digitizing, scanning
Computer and GIS programme,
Components Hardware, software, data, Capturing, importing, managing and Importing: digital products
screen, keyboard, mouse, printer,
❶ people and methods
scanner and digitizing table
display of data managing: accuracy and integrity, data sharing, data
standardisation and data security
Data sources Resolution refers to the ability of the sensor to
the collecting of information
Topographic maps create a sharp and clear image
about the earth’s surface
Satellite images With sensors on platforms such as weather Spatial resolution: Spectral resolution:
Remote sensing
Aerial photos balloons, aeroplanes or satellites quantity of detail that sensor detects over
Fieldwork using the sun’s energy that is reflected or can be detected - several spectral
Administrative records emitted by the earth’s surface determined by the pixel bands e.g. blue,
without being in physical contact with the object size e.g.0,5m ; 10m; green, red,
Data 30m
❷ Data types High resolution Low resolution
Spatial dataspatially All geographic objects on the earth’s
Raster (pixels)
linked data/geo- surface. Two data structure Small pixels Large pixels
Maps: point, line, area (PLA) types
referenced data) Vector (PLA=NVP) Many pixels Few pixels
GIS: node, vector, polygon (NVP)
High quality image Poor quality image
Non-spatial data (attribute Characteristics, features, description
In table format: qualitative and quantitative Used for querying and analyses
data) of the spatial (geographic) objects
(1) Combiningtwo or more layers in order to
create new layer
Integration(1)
Functions capturing, managing, (2) Solving a geographic problem
Data manipulation
manipulater, analyse, Querying(2)
❸ model and display
(change/alter)
A zone around a certain geographic object
(3)
Buffering(3) at a specified distance to “something in or
out”.
Data capturers, data processors, GIS Data sharing, data standardisation and data
GIS technician Capturing, importing and managing
programmers and Data managers security becomes highly important
People
Maps. Orthophotos, aerial photos and Organisations such as: municipalities, nature
❹ GIS users All users of spatial products satellite images conservation, government departments,
Attribute analyses and statistics developers, police and defence force, mines,
etc.
Purpose to solve complex
Answers/solutions for geographic
planning and Who, what, where, why, when, how
❺ questions
management problems
2 Know all concepts and terminology. Geographic Information Systems work your way to the right and downwards.
1 4 2
DEFINITION: A computer system of hardware, software and methods where spatial data (georeferenced) together with non-spatial data (attributes) are captured,
3 5
managed, manipulated, analysed, modelled and displayed in order to solve complex planning and management problems.
Capturing: keyboard, digitizing, scanning
Computer and GIS programme,
Components Hardware, software, data, Capturing, importing, managing and Importing: digital products
screen, keyboard, mouse, printer,
❶ people and methods
scanner and digitizing table
display of data managing: accuracy and integrity, data sharing, data
standardisation and data security
Data sources Resolution refers to the ability of the sensor to
the collecting of information
Topographic maps create a sharp and clear image
about the earth’s surface
Satellite images With sensors on platforms such as weather Spatial resolution: Spectral resolution:
Remote sensing
Aerial photos balloons, aeroplanes or satellites quantity of detail that sensor detects over
Fieldwork using the sun’s energy that is reflected or can be detected - several spectral
Administrative records emitted by the earth’s surface determined by the pixel bands e.g. blue,
without being in physical contact with the object size e.g.0,5m ; 10m; green, red,
Data 30m
❷ Data types High resolution Low resolution
Spatial dataspatially All geographic objects on the earth’s
Raster (pixels)
linked data/geo- surface. Two data structure Small pixels Large pixels
Maps: point, line, area (PLA) types
referenced data) Vector (PLA=NVP) Many pixels Few pixels
GIS: node, vector, polygon (NVP)
High quality image Poor quality image
Non-spatial data (attribute Characteristics, features, description
In table format: qualitative and quantitative Used for querying and analyses
data) of the spatial (geographic) objects
(1) Combiningtwo or more layers in order to
create new layer
Integration(1)
Functions capturing, managing, (2) Solving a geographic problem
Data manipulation
manipulater, analyse, Querying(2)
❸ model and display
(change/alter)
A zone around a certain geographic object
(3)
Buffering(3) at a specified distance to “something in or
out”.
Data capturers, data processors, GIS Data sharing, data standardisation and data
GIS technician Capturing, importing and managing
programmers and Data managers security becomes highly important
People
Maps. Orthophotos, aerial photos and Organisations such as: municipalities, nature
❹ GIS users All users of spatial products satellite images conservation, government departments,
Attribute analyses and statistics developers, police and defence force, mines,
etc.
Purpose to solve complex
Answers/solutions for geographic
planning and Who, what, where, why, when, how
❺ questions
management problems
