SURGICAL PROCEDURE
TRACHEOSTOMY TONSILLECTOMY ADENOIDECTOMY BRONCHOSCOPY ESOPHAGOSCOPY
Rigid bronchoscopy
1. Adenoid hypertrophy causing
Diagnostic Rigid esophagoscope
1.Recurrent infections of throat snoring, mouth breathing, sleep
1. To find out the cause for Diagnostic:
2. Peritonsillar abscess. apnea syndrome or speech
1. Respiratory obstruction wheezing, hemoptysis or To find out the cause of:
3. Tonsillitis which causes abnormalities, i.e. (rhinolalia
(Infections, trauma, unexplained cough persisting 1. Dysphagia
febrile seizures clausa).
neoplasm, foreign body, for more than 4 weeks. 2. Retrosternal burning
4. Hypertrophy of tonsils 2. Recurrent rhinosinusitis.
edema, bilateral 2. When X-ray chest shows: (a) 3. Hematemesis
INDICATION
causing airway obstruction 3. COM with effusion associated
abductor paralysis) Atelectasis (b) Opacity Therapeutic:
(sleep apnea), difficulty in with adenoid hyperplasia.
2. Retained secretions (c) Obstructive emphysema. 1. Removal of foreign body
deglutition and interference 4. Recurrent ear discharge in
(inability to cough, 3. Vocal cord palsy. 2. Dilation of stricture
with speech. benign CSOM associated with
painful cough, aspiration 4. Collection of bronchial 3. Endoscopic removal of benign
5. Diphtheria / Streptococcal adenoiditis/adenoid
of pharyngeal secretion) secretions for C/S lesion
carriers, hyperplasia.
3. Respiratory insufficiency Therapeutic 4. Palliative treatment of
6. Chronic tonsillitis 5. Dental malocclusion.
(chronic lung condition) 1. Removal of foreign bodies. 2. esophageal carcinoma
Recurrent streptococcal Adenoidectomy prevent its
Removal of retained secretions 5. Injection of esophageal varices
tonsillitis recurrence of infection after
or mucus plug in patients who
orthodontic treatment
cannot cough out themselves
1. Hemoglobin level < 10 g%.
CONTRAINDICATION
2. Presence of acute URTI 4. Trismus
1. Cleft palate or submucous
3. Children <3 years of age 5. Disease of cervical spine
palate. Removal of adenoids
4. Overt or submucous cleft (fiberoptic esophagoscopy is
causes velopharyngeal
palate done)
insufficiency in such cases.
5. Bleeding disorders 6. Receding mandible
2. Hemorrhagic diathesis.
6. epidemic of polio 7. Aortic aneurysm
3. Acute infection of upper
7. Uncontrolled systemic 8. Advanced heart, liver or
respiratory tract
disease kidney disease
8. during menses.
No anesthesia in
unconscious patients or in
emergency procedure. In
ANESTHESIA
conscious patients, GA with orotracheal intubation
GA with endotracheal GA with oral endotracheal GA without endotracheal
lignocaine with with tube in the left corner of the
intubation intubation intubation
epinephrine is infiltrated in mouth
the line of incision
Sometimes GA with
intubation is used.
TRACHEOSTOMY TONSILLECTOMY ADENOIDECTOMY BRONCHOSCOPY ESOPHAGOSCOPY
Rigid bronchoscopy
1. Adenoid hypertrophy causing
Diagnostic Rigid esophagoscope
1.Recurrent infections of throat snoring, mouth breathing, sleep
1. To find out the cause for Diagnostic:
2. Peritonsillar abscess. apnea syndrome or speech
1. Respiratory obstruction wheezing, hemoptysis or To find out the cause of:
3. Tonsillitis which causes abnormalities, i.e. (rhinolalia
(Infections, trauma, unexplained cough persisting 1. Dysphagia
febrile seizures clausa).
neoplasm, foreign body, for more than 4 weeks. 2. Retrosternal burning
4. Hypertrophy of tonsils 2. Recurrent rhinosinusitis.
edema, bilateral 2. When X-ray chest shows: (a) 3. Hematemesis
INDICATION
causing airway obstruction 3. COM with effusion associated
abductor paralysis) Atelectasis (b) Opacity Therapeutic:
(sleep apnea), difficulty in with adenoid hyperplasia.
2. Retained secretions (c) Obstructive emphysema. 1. Removal of foreign body
deglutition and interference 4. Recurrent ear discharge in
(inability to cough, 3. Vocal cord palsy. 2. Dilation of stricture
with speech. benign CSOM associated with
painful cough, aspiration 4. Collection of bronchial 3. Endoscopic removal of benign
5. Diphtheria / Streptococcal adenoiditis/adenoid
of pharyngeal secretion) secretions for C/S lesion
carriers, hyperplasia.
3. Respiratory insufficiency Therapeutic 4. Palliative treatment of
6. Chronic tonsillitis 5. Dental malocclusion.
(chronic lung condition) 1. Removal of foreign bodies. 2. esophageal carcinoma
Recurrent streptococcal Adenoidectomy prevent its
Removal of retained secretions 5. Injection of esophageal varices
tonsillitis recurrence of infection after
or mucus plug in patients who
orthodontic treatment
cannot cough out themselves
1. Hemoglobin level < 10 g%.
CONTRAINDICATION
2. Presence of acute URTI 4. Trismus
1. Cleft palate or submucous
3. Children <3 years of age 5. Disease of cervical spine
palate. Removal of adenoids
4. Overt or submucous cleft (fiberoptic esophagoscopy is
causes velopharyngeal
palate done)
insufficiency in such cases.
5. Bleeding disorders 6. Receding mandible
2. Hemorrhagic diathesis.
6. epidemic of polio 7. Aortic aneurysm
3. Acute infection of upper
7. Uncontrolled systemic 8. Advanced heart, liver or
respiratory tract
disease kidney disease
8. during menses.
No anesthesia in
unconscious patients or in
emergency procedure. In
ANESTHESIA
conscious patients, GA with orotracheal intubation
GA with endotracheal GA with oral endotracheal GA without endotracheal
lignocaine with with tube in the left corner of the
intubation intubation intubation
epinephrine is infiltrated in mouth
the line of incision
Sometimes GA with
intubation is used.
