Pharmacology (VTNE) Exam

Pharmacology (VTNE) Exam What adverse side effect can occur in cats given metoclopramide? Cyanosis Dilated and fixed pupils Aggressive behavior Estrus behavior - Answer ️️ -*Aggressive behavior* Explanation - Rare side effects that can occur are nervous, jittery, or aggressive behaviors. The antidote for these types of behaviors is diphenhydramine (Benadryl). Head bobbing can also rarely occur as a side effect of Reglan (metoclopramide). A 20-kg patient is being sent home on famotidine to help with potential esophagitis. How many 10 mg tablets should be sent home with the owner, if the patient requires 0.5 mg/kg PO BID x 7 days? 14 40 21 7 - Answer ️️ -*14* Explanation - To correctly answer the question, the following math should have been performed: 20 kg x (0.5 mg/kg) = 10 mg (This is the amount the patient needs per dose, which is equivalent to 1 tablet.) 1 x 2= 2 (This is the number of pills needed per day, since the dosing is BID.) 2 x 7= 14 (This is the number of pills needed for the 7 day treatment course.) Which drug is known as an ACE-inhibitor? Metoclopramide Enalapril Diphenhydramine Acepromazine - Answer ️️ -*Enalapril * Explanation - Ace-inhibitors like enalapril are vasodilators which block angiotensin-converting enzyme to prevent angiotensin II (a vacosconstrictor) and aldosterone (causes sodium retention) from forming. Ace-inhibitors help to relax smooth muscle in the arterioles and veins. They are most commonly used in cases of heart and kidney disease. -Note that ace-inhibitor drugs usually end in a "pril" (benazapril, captopril, enalapril, etc.) Valium is often given with ketamine to provide which effect? Increased heart rate Muscle relaxation Increased cardiac contractility Increased muscle tone - Answer ️️ -*Muscle relaxation* Explanation - Ketamine can cause muscle rigidity. Valium (diazepam) is often given with ketamine to provide muscle relaxation. A 5-year old female spayed Yorkie presents with a history of decreased vision. The doctor asks you to perform tonometry on this dog. Which of the following may be used as a topical anesthetic to the eyes so that you may check the intraocular pressures with your Tonopen? Benzocaine Proparacaine Lidocaine Bupivacaine - Answer ️️ -*Proparacaine * Explanation - Proparacaine is a topical anesthetic for the eyes. The other choices should not be used in the eyes. The other options are local anesthetic agents but are likely to cause irritation and/or corneal ulceration. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) c