ELEMENTARY STATISTICS TEST 1 LATEST UPDATE 2024

ELEMENTARY STATISTICS TEST 1 LATEST UPDATE 2024 Statistical significance - CORRECT ANSWER- is achieved when the result is very unlikely to occur by chance Practical significance - CORRECT ANSWER- is related to whether common sense suggests that the treatment makes enough of a difference to justify its use statistical, practical - CORRECT ANSWER- It is possible for a treatment to have ______ significance but not _____ significance Loaded - CORRECT ANSWER- intentionally worded to elicit a desired response Parameter - CORRECT ANSWER- a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population Statistic - CORRECT ANSWER- a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample Statistic - CORRECT ANSWER- Is this given value a statistic or a parameter? A sample of seniors is selected and it is found that 50% own a vehicle. Quantitative data - CORRECT ANSWER- consists of numbers representing counts or measurements Qualitative (categorial) data - CORRECT ANSWER- consists of names labels (not numbers that represent counts or measurements) Quantitative - CORRECT ANSWER- Determine whether the data described below are qualitative or quantitative: The times of birth of babies born at a certain hospital Discrete data - CORRECT ANSWER- result when the data values are quantitative and the number of values is finite or countable Continuous data - CORRECT ANSWER- result from infinitely many possible quantitative values, where the collection of values is not countable Discrete - CORRECT ANSWER- State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous: The numbers of countries in the world in different years Parameter - CORRECT ANSWER- A particular country has 45 total states. If the areas of all 45 states are added and the sum is divided by 45, the result is 200,924 square kilometers. Determine whether this result is a statistic or a parameter Parameter - CORRECT ANSWER- Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. In a study of all 4001 professors at a college, it is found that 65% own a computer Continuous - CORRECT ANSWER- State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous: The weights (in tons) of the trees in a forest Discrete - CORRECT ANSWER- Determine whether the value given below is from a discrete or continuous data set: In an election poll, Patrick received 16,862,681 votes Discrete - CORRECT ANSWER- Determine whether the value is from a discrete or continuous data set: Number of students in a class is 23 Nominal level of measurement - CORRECT ANSWER- characterized by data that consists of names, labels, or categories only; the data cannot be arranged in some order Ordinal level of measurement - CORRECT ANSWER- data are at the _____ _____ __ ________ if they can be arranged in some order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless Interval level of measurement - CORRECT ANSWER- data are at the ____ ____ __ _______ if they can be arranged in order, and differences between data values can be found and are meaningful; data at this level do not have a natural zero starting point at which none of the quantity is present Ratio level of measurement - CORRECT ANSWER- data are at the ______ ____ __ ________ if they can be arranged in order, differences can be found and are meaningful, and there is a natural zero starting point; for data at this level, differences and ratios are both meaningful Nominal - CORRECT ANSWER- Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate for the data below: Social security numbers Ordinal, such data should not be used for calculations such as an average - CORRECT ANSWER- Identify the level of measurement of the data, and explain what is wrong with the given calculation: In a set of data, alert levels are represented as 10 for low, 20 for medium, and 30 for high. The average (mean) of the 542 alert levels is 25.4 No - CORRECT ANSWER- Does the ratio level of measurement apply in the following statement? A movie with a 4-star rating is twice as good as one with a 2-star rating B - CORRECT ANSWER- Which of the following consists of discrete data? A. Amount of rainfall B. Number of suitcases on a plane C. Tree height D. Hair color Random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER- subjects are selected in such way that every possible sample of the same size n has the same chance of being chosen Systematic sampling - CORRECT ANSWER- select some starting point and then select every kth (such as every 50th) element in the population Convenience sampling - CORRECT ANSWER- simply use data that are very easy to get Stratified sampling - CORRECT ANSWER- we subdivide the population into at least two different subgroups so that subjects within the same subgroup share the same characteristics, then we draw a sample from each subgroup Cluster sampling - CORRECT ANSWER- we first divide the population area into sections, then we randomly select some of those clusters and choose all the members from those selected clusters Cluster - CORRECT ANSWER- Which type of sampling is used in the following: To determine customer opinion of their food quality, General Foods randomly selects 140 city blocks during a certain week and surveys all homes within the city blocks Stratified - CORRECT ANSWER- Which type of sampling is used in the following: A man experienced a tax audit. The tax department claimed that the man was audited because he was randomly selected from all men in his tax bracket Cluster - CORRECT ANSWER- Which type of sampling is used in the following: A market researcher has randomly selected five neighborhoods in a certain region. She is surveying all the people from each neighborhood Convenience - CORRECT ANSWER- Which type of sampling is used in the following: An internet site asks its members to call in their opinion regarding their reluctance to provide credit information online Cross sectional study - CORRECT ANSWER- data are observed, measured, and collected at one point in time, not over a period of time Retrospective (case-control) study - CORRECT ANSWER- data are collected from a past time period by going back in time Prospective