ACCURATE VTNE PREP PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ACCURATE VTNE PREP PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS An 11-year old male German shepherd dog with previously diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) presents to your clinic following a dog fight. The dog is significantly aggressive and resistant to handling. What medication should NOT be used to sedate this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER -Dexmedetomidine should only be used in patients with normal cardiac function as it can cause a significant reduction in cardiac output due to reduced heart rate. Which of the following is the reason that fluoroquinolones are usually avoided when treating young foals? - CORRECT ANSWER -Adverse effects on the articular cartilage A 5-year old female spayed Yorkie presents with a history of decreased vision. The doctor asks you to perform tonometry on this dog. Which of the following may be used as a topical anesthetic to the eyes so that you may check the intraocular pressures with your Tonopen? - CORRECT ANSWER -Proparacaine is a topical anesthetic for the eyes A client has a dog with allergies, and the doctor recommends she give the dog diphenhydramine (Benadryl) twice daily for 1 week. She instructs that the dog have 3.0 mg/kg every 12 hours. Over-thecounter Benadryl contains 12.5 mg per teaspoon, and the owner wishes to give a liquid. What quantity of Benadryl in milliliters should the dog receive every 12 hours if he weighs 8 pounds? - CORRECT ANSWER -12.5 mg/5 mL = 2.5 mg/mL The dog weighs 8 pounds/ 2.2 pounds/kg = 3.6 kg The dog needs 3.0 mg/kg per dose. So, 3.0 mg/kg X 3.6 kg = 10.8 mg per dose (every 12 hours) 10.8 mg/ 2.5 mg/mL = 4.3 mL What is the most common drug in most euthanasia solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pentobarbital Diphenhydramine is typically used in treating which of the following conditions? - CORRECT ANSWER Allergic reactions Which of the following medications should be used with caution in cats, as it could cause blindness in some cats? - CORRECT ANSWER -Enrofloxacin (Baytril) is used in cats at no higher than a 5mg/kg per dose. Higher doses increase the risk for blindness in cats, and in general this drug should be used with caution because of this potential side effect. A veterinarian hands you a prescriptions that reads: Cephalexin 250 mg, SIG: 3 cap PO BID x 14d What is correct amount of medication to dispense and what directions should be typed on the drug label? - CORRECT ANSWER -84 capsules (250 mg each) of cephalexin. Give 3 capsules by mouth twice daily for 14 days. Which of the following antimicrobial medications should not be administered to young, growing animals? - CORRECT ANSWER -Enrofloxacin, and other drugs in fluoroquinolone class, should not be used in young, growing animals as it causes damage to the joint cartilage. A 20-kg patient is being sent home on famotidine to help with potential esophagitis. How many 10 mg tablets should be sent home with the owner, if the patient requires 0.5 mg/kg PO BID x 7 days? - CORRECT ANSWER -14