ARRT Radiography Exam Questions With Answers Latest Updated 2024 (100% Verified)

ARRT Radiography Exam Questions With Answers Latest Updated 2024 (100% Verified) Ionizing Radiation - ANSWER radiation that is able to remove electrons from an atom through ionization Somatic effects - ANSWER refers to the effects of radiation to the body being irradiated Genetic Effects - ANSWER refers to effects of radiation to a germ cell's genetic code; effects the next generation Primary radiation - ANSWER radiation exiting the x-ray tube Remnant radiation (or Exit Radiation) - ANSWER x-rays the leave the patient and strike the image receptor attenuation - ANSWER absorption and scatter of the x-ray beam as it passes through the patient air kerma - ANSWER unit of exposure gray - ANSWER unit of absorbed dose gray(a) - ANSWER unit of radiation absorbed in air gray(t) - ANSWER unit of radiation absorbed in tissue sievert - ANSWER unit of effective dose or unit of equivalent dose becquerel - ANSWER unit of activity uncontrolled area - ANSWER general public area, like waiting room or stairways controlled area - ANSWER occupied by people trained in radiation safety and wear radiation badges/monitors x-ray tube leakage may not exceed what? - ANSWER 1mGy(a) per hour at a distance of 1 meter from the housing studies biologic effects of ionizing radiation and publishes the data NCRP - ANSWER National Counsel on Radiation Protection publishes radiation protection guidelines for the US NRC - ANSWER Nuclear Regulatory Commission enforces radiation protection standards at the federal level NCRP Report #102 - ANSWER makes recommendations on equipment design and protection regarding lead shielding and fluoro and mobile exposure rates NCRP Report #116 - ANSWER makes recommendations pertaining to risk-benefit analysis of radiation exposure; states genetic and somatic effects need to be kept to a minimum; makes annual dose limits NCRP #160 - ANSWER addresses radiation exposure from all sources to people in the US equivalent dose - ANSWER equal to the absorbed dose multiplied by the radiation weighting factor equivalent dose limit - ANSWER upper boundary dose that can be absorbed (either in a single exposure or annually) with negligible risk of deterministic effect Dose Area Product (DAP) - ANSWER total air kerma striking the patient probabilistic effects (stochastic) - ANSWER randomly occurring effects of radiation; probability is proportional to the dose (increased dose = increased probability) Deterministic Effects - ANSWER radiation effects that become more severe at higher levels of radiation exposure; do not occur below a certain threshold GSD (Genetically Significant Dose) - ANSWER average annual gonadal dose of radiation to individuals of childbearing age; addresses the relationship of gonadal doses to individuals versus an entire population and the overall effects Linear Energy Transfer (LET) - ANSWER amount of energy deposited by radiation per unit length of tissue Radiolysis of water - ANSWER occurs as radiation energy is deposited in the water of the cell; the result of radiolysis is an ion pair in the cell: a positively charged water molecule (HOH+) and a free electron Mutation - ANSWER erroneous information passed to subsequent generations via cell division Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau - ANSWER ells are most sensitive to radiation when they are immature, undifferentiated, and rapidly dividing Early somatic effects of radiation - ANSWER hematopoietic syndrome; gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome; central nervous system syndrome Late somatic effects of radiation - ANSWER carcinogenesis; cataractogenesis; embryologic effects; thyroid dysfunction; life span shortening Cardinal principles of radiation protection - ANSWER time, distance, shielding what is the best protection against radiation exposure? - ANSWER distance Potential energy - ANSWER energy of position Kinetic energy - ANSWER energy of motion chemical energy - ANSWER energy from a chemical reaction Electrical energy - ANSWER result of the movement of electrons