NR 507 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS

NR 507 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS body's process for adapting to high hormone level To adapt to high levels of hormones, some cells have the capacity to decrease the number of receptors for that hormone through the process of down-regulation. Cushing's Syndrome excessive ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) production most commonly caused by an adrenal adenoma or a non-pituitary adenoma as is often seen with lung cancer. Clinical signs and symptoms: weight gain and hyperpigmentation of skin. Lab results that point to PRIMARY hypothyroidism Low levels of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) and high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), most commonly caused by autoimmune thyroiditis. Common causes of hypoparathyroidism parathyroid gland injury or removal pathophysiology of thyroid storm High levels of thyroid hormone in conjunction with high levels of stress hormones lead to fever, tachycardia, and eventually high-output heart failure if the condition is not treated. signs of thyrotoxicosis Weight loss and enlarged thyroid gland are common signs of hyperthyroidism in thyrotoxicosis. diet and the prevention of prostate cancer some evidence suggests a low fat diet, low dairy intake and increased fruit and veggie intake prevents prostate cancer Impact of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) on the urinary system enlarged prostate can block urine flow through the urethra. Can cause urinary retention, which can lead to UTI, kidney infections. Dermatomes an area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root. Each spinal nerve and their many processes are distributed to a specific area of the body. Specific areas of cutaneous (skin) innervation at these spinal cord segments are called dermatomes. The dermatomes of various spinal nerves are distributed in a fairly regular pattern, although adjacent regions between dermatomes can be innervated by more than one spinal nerve. substance release at the synapse neurons form points of contact with other neurons through synapse. Impulses transmitted through electric and chemical conduction. Vesicles containing neurotransmitters release their contents into the synaptic cleft and neurotransmitters diffuse across the cleft and bind to specific receptors on postsynaptic neuron and trigger an action potential. Common neurotransmitters include norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine, serotonin, glycine, endorphins. Spondylolysis Structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or developmental defect) in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch (the joining of the vertebral body to the posterior structures). Most affected at L5 of lumbar spine. Mechanical pressure often causes anterior displacement of the deficient vertebra (spondylolisthesis). Often hereditary; associated with increased incidence of other congenital spine defects. Microfractures occur at site, symptoms include lower back pain and lower limb pain. Cervical spondylolysis is hypertrophy and disc degeneration with narrowing of cervical spine at c5-c6 and c6-c7. Signs/symptoms include neck or occipital pain, pain in shoulder, scapula, or arms. Sensory symptoms of numbness or tingling follow a dermatomal pattern; weakness follows the pattern of innervation of the affected nerve root. Occipital or suboccipital headache is another symptom. Can also cause difficulty walking, altered sensation in feet, and sphincter disturbances (late sign). location of the motor and sensory areas of the brain frontal lobe-goal oriented behavior, short term memory, elaboration of thought, and inhibition on the limbic (emotional) areas of CNS premotor area-programming motor movements primary