ATI PEDs MIDTERM EXAM 2024

ATI PEDs MIDTERM EXAM 2024 A 6-month -old male is at his well -child checkup. The nurse weighs him, and his mother asks if his weight is normal for his age. The nurse's best response is: A. At 6 months his weight should be approximately three times his birth weight. B. "Each child gains weight at his or her own pace." C. "At 6 months his weight should be approximately twice his birth weight." D. "At 6 months a child should weigh about 10 lb more than his or her birth weight." - C How can the nurse best facilitate the trust relationship between infant and parents while the infant is hospitalized? The nurse should: 1. Encourage the parents to remain at their child's bedside as much as possible. 2. Keep parents informed about all aspects of their child's condition. 3. Encourage the parents to hold their child as much as possible. 4. Advise the parents to participate actively in their child's care. - 3 The nurse is going to give a 6 -month -old a dose of Rocephin IM. What must the nurse do when the 1.5 -mL dose arrives from the pharmacy? 1. Administer the injection into the deltoid muscle. 2. Divide the dose into two injections. 3. Administer the injection into the dorsogluteal muscle. 4. Give dose as a single injection into the vastus lateralis muscle. - 2 FICA Tool Stands for - F: faith I: importance C: community A: address in care 5 factors that influence growth and development - nutrition, parent behavior, parenting, social/cultural practice, environment Cephalocaudal - development from head to toes (Ex: child can control their head and neck before arms and legs, can hold head up before walking/crawling) Proximodistal - "inside -to-outside rule" motor skills emerge in a sequence of center moving outward (Ex: can lift themselves up on belly) Differentiation - simple to complex Neonate - birth to 4 weeks Infant - 4 weeks to 1 year Toddler - 1-3 years Preschooler - 3-6 years School Age - 6-12 years Adolescent - 12-18 years Newborn Reflexes: Moro/Startle - Jar crib, baby's arms and legs extend and flex through trunk Newborn Reflexes: Tonic Neck - Arms/legs extend in direction in which head is turned Newborn Reflexes: Rooting - infant turns head to direction of stimuli Newborn Reflexes: Palmar Grasp - grasp finger tightly Newborn Reflexes: Plantar Grasp - toes reflex tightly down in grasping motion Newborn Reflex: Babinski - Hyper extension and fanning of toes Newborn Reflex: Stepping - when baby is put down on its feet, they will step up and down in place Developmental Differences in respiratory systems of a child - -Larynx is more flexible causing more spasms -upper airway is shorter and more narrow -intercostal muscles are not fully developed -cartilage around trachea is very flexible, can compress airway -respiratory rate is faster -eustacian tubes are shorter and more horizontal -lung volume is proportional to chest size What is otitis media? - Chronic infectious/inflammatory disease of the middle ear Signs and symptoms of a child with otitis media - child pulling on ears, sleep disturbances, high grade fever, yellow purulent drainage, lymph enlargement, eardrum buldging and red What is sinusitis? - bacterial infection of paranasal sinuses (maxillary and ethmoid sinuses most common site for children) Signs and symptoms of a child with sinusitis - halitosis facial pain eyelid edema nasal drainage pain with mild pressure thick yellow nasal drainage Interventions for Sinusitis - saline drops cool mist humidifier increase oral fluids antibiotics Education for Sinusitis - oral decongestants or nasal spray warm compresses to sinuses proper blowing of nose (one side at a time) Risk factors for Influenza - Diabetes chronic renal disease immune deficiency chronic heart or lung conditions When should antiviral medications for the flu be started? - Within 24 -48 hours of the onset of symptoms Signs and symptoms of Influenza - abrupt fever flushing of face chills headache malaise nasal discharge Signs and Symptoms of Tonsillitis - muffled/hoarse voice back of throat is red tonsil enlargement difficulty breathing/swallowing mouth breather What position should the child be placed in after a tonsillectomy? - side lying or prone Signs and Symptoms of Infectious Mononucleois - fever malaise sore throat lymphadenopathy photophobia redness and white patches on tonsils enlargement of spleen abdominal pain Signs and Symptoms of Croup - Slow onset (barking cough turns into crowing cough) inspiratory stridor retractions crowing cough What is the epiglottitis? - inflammation of the epiglottis, emergency situation Signs and Symptoms of epiglottitis - refusal to speak soft voice when speaking cannot catch breath when lying down sitting forward with neck extended drooling anxiety frightened look 4 D's or epiglottitis symptoms - Drooling Dysphasia Dysphonia Distress on inspiration (stridor) Interventions for Epiglottitis - DO NOT place in supine position trach at bedside IV hydration Provide oxygen What is bronchiolitis (Respiratory syncytial virus RSV) - inflammation of the bronchioles (HIGHLY contagious) Signs and Symptoms of Bronchiolitis - flu like symptoms poor feeding air hungry cyanotic respiratory distresss wheezing What is pertussis (whooping cough)? - Bordetella pertussis. infected persons respiratory tract. spread via droplet, direct contact, and indirect contact with inanimate articles. Stages of Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Stage 1 - upper respiratory infection lasting 1 -2 weeks Stages of Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Stage 2 - intense coughing fits for 1 week Stages of Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Stage 3 - chronic cough lasting up to 10 weeks or longer