Clinical Chemistry Enzymes Questions and Answers Graded A

Clinical Chemistry Enzymes Questions and Answers Graded A What do enzymes do? catalysts responsible for most reactions in the body What are five things that affect the measurement of enzyme reaction? 1. Concentration of reactants 2. pH 3. Temperature 4. Ionic strength 5. Cofactors and coenzymes Enzyme inhibition is described as? a substance that can reduce the rate of the enzyme reaction What are the three types of enzyme inhibitors? 1. Competitive 2. noncompetitive 2. Uncompetitive What does a competitive inhibitor do? binds free enzyme at the active site What does a noncompetitive inhibitor do? binds at a site other than the active site What does an uncompetitive inhibitor do? binds only to the enzyme-substrate complex the amount of enzym that will cause utilization of substrate or production of product at the rate of 1uM/min International unit What enzymes are associated with cardiac disorders? CK (MB), LD, AST What does first order kinetics mean? the enzyme concentration is greater than the substrate concentration What does zero-order kinetics mean? the substrate concentration is greater than the enzyme concentration Which order of kinetics is the best for reactions zero order due to an excess substrate What enzymes are associated with a hepatocellular disorder? AST, ALT, LD What enzymes are associated with a biliary tract obstruction? ALP and GGT What enzymes are associated with Skeletal muscle disorders? CK (MM), AST, LD, adolase What enzymes are associated with bone disorders? ALP What enzymes are associated with pancreatitis? amylase and lipase What are the 5 or 6 cardiac markers? CK, LD, Troponins, myoglobin, AST, and BNP Which cardiac marker has the longest duration? LD and Troponins Which cardiac marker can be used to rule out an MI by lack of it's presence within 4 hours? Myoglobin Which cardiac marker is used to measure severity and distinguish dyspenia from cardiac origins or not? BNP Which cardiac marker can be used to detect if an MI has occurred more than five days ago? LD Which of the cardiac markers are most sensitive and specific? Troponins Which troponin is the most specific? TnI Which cardiac marker takes the longest to peak, and first increase? LD In a MI LD1 will be greater than or less than LD2? > In the normal range of LD, will LD1 be greater than or less than LD2 < What are the 6 liver markers? AST, ALT, LD, ALP, 5'NT, and GGT In hepatitis which liver markers will be increased? AST and ALT In a liver obstruction, what liver markers will be increased? ALP and 5'NT