MN580 Final Study Guide Questions And Answers

MN580 Final Study Guide Questions And Answers Resolved retinopathy of prematurity follow up - ANSWER- initial and follow-up ophthalmologic examinations within 2 weeks after discharge. y a specialist experienced with this - monitor for late sequelae or ROP progresssion - early interventions - annual ophthalmologic F/U needing treatment Phantom limb pain and when to refer - ANSWER- Referral to pain clinic if uncontrolled Pros and cons of being a bilingual child - ANSWER- Pro: greater mental flexibility, enhanced employment, lifestyle opportunities Cons: mild delay in speech, may mix languages, Treatment for lichen simplex complex - ANSWER- 1) Occlusion 2) high-potency steroids for 3 weeks for thicker plaques 3) topical emollients 4) abx with infection 5) antihistamines adjunct 6) Phototherapy 7) psychotherapy 8) Botox 9) cryosurgery 10) surgery Impetigo treatment - ANSWER- localized - mupirocin widespread with constitutional symptoms and deep skin involvement - cephalexin 40 7- 10 days; augmentin 50-90 "; clindamycin 10-25 Hydrating skin with bathing - ANSWER- apply emollients/moisturizers immediately after the bath. Neurofibromatosis signs - ANSWER- - macrocephaly - short - cafe-au-alit spots, plexiform neurofibromas on trunk/face/extremities, axillary/inguinal freckling, dermal neurofibromas - learning disabilities (poor spacial/fine motor) - ophthalmology (glioma, lisch nodules) - precocious puberty hypertension, stenosis, pheochromocytoma - hypotonia, affected gait - sunscreen after 6m (cafe-au-lait) Hirschberg test - ANSWER- corneal light reflex evaluates ocular alignment. A small light is placed on the cornea. Normal reveals small white dot on the same spot of each eye. will check with covering/uncovering/alternation. movement of eye indicates misalignment. typical play for a 3 year old - ANSWER- make-believe parallel play cheating is common Toilet training - ANSWER- -2.5-3.5. done by 4 - introduce topic at 18m appointment - assess expectations - don't ask child if they need to go. help establish routine - voluntary sphincter control - stays dry for 2h; wakes up naps dry -able to follow directions - please parent, curious, wants to be clean - parents recognize and are prepared Functional abdominal pain - ANSWER- Def: recurrent abd pain. no etiology Dx: 4x/m for 2m, not related to certain patterns, no other diagoses likely red flags: localized, emesis, younger than 4y, weight loss, organiomegaly, perirectal abnormalilites, hernias, joint swelling. Labs: CBC, ESR, CRP, Ua, Ucx, CMP, OP stool, breath hydrogen, i testing. ABD US, 3 day lactose free diet, tx: CAM approaches, bland diet, avoid fructose/sorbitol, ID triggers and avoid, CBT, discuss re flags, regular follow up Importance of child's access to age-appropriate books - ANSWER- ReachOutAndRead (resource) -10 children's books is associated with adequate household literacy. - most impactful child's intervention - provides them with tools to be more informed and capable consumers in adulthood Typical friendships for a 10-year old and correlation to later relationships - ANSWER- - depends on social cognitive development - interpret social cues - friends are chosen because of shared skills, interests, personality, and loyalty - social acceptance - special friend phase (deep friendship, sleepovers) Peer pressure in a 12 year old - ANSWER- - reduced thinking to emotionally charged topics 6 year old school readiness - ANSWER- ability to perform self-care, interact with new people, responsibility, and ability to emotionally separate from the family and home adaptability, self-regulation be aware of early behavioral concerns how to evaluate pain in a 3 year old - ANSWER- - may be able to quantify pain or use visual representation - may confuse fear with pain - may over/under estimate pain -FLACC typical scale - QUEST T(queston, use pain scale, secure parent's involvement, take cause of pain, take action) - PAINED estimating menarche - ANSWER- 2.5 years after thelarche. dependent on ethnic, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors.