ALTA Practice CALT LEAD Questions with Complete Solutions A+

Phonology - Sounds of letters semantics - Word meaning in language syntax - Grammar system of language discourse - Talking with another Aphasia - The loss or impairment of the ability to comprehend words, TBI result. Alphabetic language - A language in which letters are used systematically to represent sounds or phonemes Alphabetic principle - Spelling - the use of letter/s to represent phonemes in orthography Anglo Saxon - Dominant language in Britain until the Norman Conquest in 1066. Usually 1 syllable words which are concerned with short vowel sounds. Everyday Words. - 20-25% Of the English Language Analytic Instruction - Separates the whole into parts to revel the relationships of the parts Arbitrary learning - New learning that has no logical connection to already acquired knowledge Auditory - To experience through hearing Bottom up process - Process consists of accurate and sequential reading of every word. Comprehension is TEXT Driven! PARTS TO WHOLE Top down process/Concept driven - Reading consists of using one's experiences and expectations to react to the text . WHOLE TO PARTS Cooperative learning - Students work together to solve a problem/task Cumulative - New learning that is based on previously learned elements Diagnostic teaching - Teaching uses both formal and informal assessments to measure student progress against expected standards Direct Instruction/Explicit instruction - TAKE NOTHING FOR GRANTED! Instruction is delivered without vagueness. Embedded Phonics - Phonological awareness and phonics taught implicitly through reading of real words in text Etymology - History of word origins Euphony - Pleasing to the ear Fernald Method - Technique for learning words that involves visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile Greek - Uses scientific terms - 10% of English Words Guided Discovery - Presenting material/concepts to de deduced/discovered by students (concept) Homographs - Words that have different meanings but share the same spellings but the pronunciation can be different (wild/wild) Homonyms - Words that have different meanings but share the same pronunciations (sale/sail, beet/beat) Homophones - Words that share the same pronunciations but have different spellings and meanings (to, too, two) Implicit/inferential instruction - Implies understanding without being expressed Latin - The language of Ancient Romans. High school vocabulary - 60% of English words Lexicon - Inventory of words. (dictionary) Linguistic - Denoting language processing and language structure Linguistics - Study of pronunciation, properties, structure, meaning, and usage Logographic writing - Pictures represent words of a language Multiple meanings - Same word with many meanings (ambiguous) Polygot - A language made up of several languages . English is a polygon language Pragmatics - Rules of conversation and dialogue Rapid Automatized Naming - The rapid naming of a series of printed objects, colors, numbers, or letters that are repeated over and over in random order semantics - The MEANING of language Syntax - sentence structure and grammar Synthetic Instruction - Instruction beginning with the parts and builds to a whole Synthetic Phonics - Begins with individual sounds that are blended together to form a word Alexia - The loss of the ability to read, usually as the result of a TBI Articulation - The act of producing sounds Echolalia - Imitation of mother's sounds Hyperlexia - Superior reading WITHOUT comprehension Otitis Media - Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to hearing loss. This can result in speech and language difficulties Phonology - Sounds of letters Discourse - Conversation and dialogue Therm- - heat Theo- - God polis- - city phono- - sound Philo- - loving Meter- - measure logo- - Word, reason, speech, science of Litho- - stone graph- - write Geo- - earth chrono- - time chloro- - green Cardio- - heart Bio- - life Auto- - self Astro- - star Micro- - small Macro- - large Hypo- - under Hyper- - over Hemi- - half amphi- - both Challs Stage 0 6 months to 6 years PREREADING - Pre reading/ retells stories when looking a pages of book previously read -recognition and naming letters -understands between pictures and print -rhyme, use alliteration, segment units of speech