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Chemistry - Paper 2 (Organic) 2023/2024
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Relative atomic mass average mass of an atom of an element (taking into account all of its isotopes) relative to 1/12 of the mass of a 12C atom Atomic structure exceptions Cu - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10 Cr - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5 chooses to have all 3d shell filled Hund's Rule electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their own and only couple up when no empty orbitals of the same energy are available (since electrons paired up will cause repulsion) 4s orbital rule 4s is lower energy than 3d when filling so is filled first, however 4s is lost before 3d when losing Electron arrangement short structure Write name of biggest atom from previous shell and then the extra electrons e.g. S is [Ne] 3s2 3p4
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