N 6540- Abdominal, renal, urological and gynecologic disorders Exam 2024 Questions & Answers 100% Correct!

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/how does kidney function - ANSWERSrapid loss of renal function, over hours to days. 1. blood is washed 2. filtered and rinsed in the glomeruli 3. ultrfiltrate is rinsed and removed 4. renal tubules are pathway to bladder and out. AKI is defined as - ANSWERSSerum creatinine increased by 0.3 mg/dL or volume less than 0.5 ml/kg/min for 6 hours. What is eGFR? What does it do? - ANSWERSThe serum level that assesses renal function. This declines after age 40. What types of patient extremes can misrepresent eGFR? - ANSWERSFrail older adults, critically ill, cancer patients, body builders, and patients with unusual diets (like Atkins or Keto). What are the three categories of AKI? - ANSWERSpre renal (reduced perfusion), intrarenal /intrinsic (damaged parenchyma), post-renal (obstruction to outflow), many causes of AKI are multifactorial What is oliguric - ANSWERSUrine output 400mL / day What is nonoliguric? - ANSWERSUrine output 400ml/day What is anuria? - ANSWERSLess than 100 cc of urine in 24 hours AKI can occur at what age? - ANSWERSIs highly associated with older adults, esp. age 85 + AKI is more common in ? - ANSWERSMen What are contributing factors for AKI? - ANSWERS1. DM, 2. Volume depletion 3. Meds 4. Cardiac issues 5. Major surgery 6. Trauma 7. Sepsis 8. Poisoning 9. Severe burns 10. Radioopague dye Some causes of prerenal kidney injury are? - ANSWERSdecreased cardiac output, diarrhea, vomiting, sepsis, liver disease, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin blockers What are intrinsic AKI causes - ANSWERSStructure (glomerular) damage due to meds ( cyclosporine, aninoglycosides, Vitamin C), hypoperfusion, or disease side effect (Lupus, HIV, Hepatitis B) What are post renal causes of AKI? - ANSWERSobstruction (from medication precipitates ) or ureteral obstruction, from clots, calculi or enlarged prostate. what are signs and symptoms of AKI - ANSWERSdecreased output, flank pain, edema, HTN, changes is urine color of consistency What are diagnostic test for AKI - ANSWERSUA, specific gravity value, CBC, renal ultrasound, What are treatments for AKI? - ANSWERSFix the cause- fluid resuscitation, blood