ITEC LEVEL 3 SPORTS MASSAGE DIPLOMA REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Name the 3 types of muscle tissue - ANSWER Smooth Cardiac Skeletal Which specific massage movement would be most beneficial to relieve tense quadricep muscles? - ANSWER Kneading What is muscle fatigue? when muscle has difficulty to: A - Relax B - Contract C - Sustain relaxation D - Sustain contraction - ANSWER D - sustain contraction What is muscle tone? A - A muscle that has been exercised is sead to be toned B - All muscle fibres held at tension all the time C - Slight degree of contraction by some muscle fibres as others are relaxed D - A loosening of tension resulting in a reduction in the number of fibres contracting - ANSWER C - a slight degree of contraction by some muscle fibres as others are relaxed The possible cause of periostitis is A - Burst or tear in the muscle fascia or periosteum B - Indirect trauma from a fall C - Stretching or tearing of the periosteum and ligaments within a joint D - Inflammation of the periosteum caused by changing from one surface toanother - ANSWER D - Inflammation of the periosteum caused by changing from one surface to another Hypertonic drinks are defined as A - Highly concentrated containing more particles of sugar and electrolytes than the body's own fluids B - The same number of particles in water as body fluids C - A weak solution of sugar and electrolytes than the body's own fluids D - Contains more carbohydrates per 100ml than fluid replacement drinks - ANSWER A - Hypertonic drinks contain a higher concentration of salt and sugar than the human body. Normally consumed post-workout to supplement daily carbohydrate intake and top-up muscle glycogen stores. Can be taken during ultra distance events to meet the high energy demands, but must be used in conjunction with Isotonic drinks to replace lost fluids. Overload is defined as A - Carbohydrate loading for endurance athletes B - Carrying too much weight than is necessary for the exercise C - Over training D - Making the body work harder than it is accustomed to working - ANSWER D - Making the body work harder than it is accustomed to working Resistive movement is defined as A - Client relaxes, therapist moves the joint B - Client resists the therapists movements at the joint C - Client moves whist therapist supports D - Client relaxes, therapist massages the joint - ANSWER B - Client resists the therapists movements at the joint O2 max is defined as maximumA - Aerobic capacity B - Heart rate C - Anaerobic capacity D - Blood pressure - ANSWER A - Aerobic capacity Contra indications to sports massage requiring doctors permission include (choose right answer) A - Verrucas, eczema B - Inflammation, psoriasis C - Asthma, high blood pressure D - Septic foci, bronchitis - ANSWER C - Asthma, high blood pressure What is the difference between a strain and a sprain? - ANSWER A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon Define inflammation - ANSWER A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection. Define thermotherapy - ANSWER Heat therapy, also called thermotherapy, is the use of heat in therapy, such as for pain relief and health. It can take the form of a hot cloth, hot water, ultrasound, heating pad... Define cryotherapy - ANSWER The use of extreme cold in surgery or other medical treatment. Define acute (inflammation phase), sub-acute (repair) and remodelling phase of injury. - ANSWER Acute - Inflamation phase First 72hrs Pain, swelling or oedema, redness, heat, chemical mediators - R.I.C.E Proliferation phase - Repair phase 3 to 6 weeks - Elimination of debris- Regeneration of endothelial cells - Production of fibroblasts - Collagen and other protein fibres are laid down in a haphazard manner • ICE and HEAT • MASSAGE • MOVEMENT • EXERCISE Remodelling phase 6 weeks to months, years - Protein fibres and scar tissues orientate themselves in the direction in which pressure is applied - May take months to fully mature and achieve full strength When your body detects that a repaired structure is still weaker that necessary, it will automatically stimulate additional new tissue to help strengthen and support the healing tissue until it meets the demands of your normal exercise or physical function. The period between six weeks and three months post-injury is commonly referred to as the remodelling phase. Chronic Phase - Ongoing Repair and Remodelling: Beyond three months is referred to as the chronic phase and probably refers mainly to pain that lasts more than 3 months. However, your soft tissue is constantly being injured by your daily activities and workout, only to magically repair and remodel the tissue to meet your specific exercise demands. What is the antagonist of biceps brachii? - ANSWER Triceps brachii What is the antagonist of pectoralis minor? - ANSWER Middle fibers of trapezius and rhomboids What is the antagonist of latissimus dorsi? - ANSWER Deltoids musclesWhat is the antagonist of rectus abdominis? - ANSWER Erector spinae muscles What is the antagonist of gluteus maximus? - ANSWER Iliacus and psoas Name the 3 main body types - ANSWER Mesomorph (muscular) Endomorph (fat) Ectomorph (lean) Give a few total contraindications for massage - ANSWER Cancer Acute injury No Consent Fever First trimester of pregnancy DVT Hyperthermia Infectious disease Under influence of alcohol or drugs Give a complication of total inactivity - ANSWER Muscle atrophy Decrease ROM in the joint affected What are the 5 benefits of using ice (cryotheraphy)? - ANSWER Vasoconstrictor (decreases blood fow) Slow downs local metabolism (damaged tissue produces pain producing substances) Neutralizes local histamine (vasodilator) Decreases local spasm Increases pain threshold How long should you ice an acute injury? - ANSWER 10 to 15 min depending and depth of tissue affected and patient's body compositionName 3 different types of tapotement? - ANSWER Only used for per event massage Cupping Hacking Pounding Name 3 different types if petrissage techniques? - ANSWER Kneading (palmar, knuckle, fingertips, thumb, open-C) Muscle compressio