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Zusammenfassung Statistik lernblatt

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Statistik lernblatt für Klausur

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Lernblatt 2 Inferenzstatistik

T-TEST FÜR ABHÄNGIGE STICHPROBEN
Was sind abhängige Stichproben?
• Zwischen den Stichproben besteht ein Zusammenhang – sie sind nicht unabhängig.
• Es werden zwischen den Stichproben Paare gebildet
• Konsequenz: N1=N2
• Beispiele • Messwiederholung
◦ Therapieerfolg: prä (X1) vs. post (X2)
◦ Stimmung: morgens (X1) vs. abends (X2)
• Matching ◦ Lebenszufriedenheit von Ehepartnern ◦ Intelligenz bei Zwillingen




Mögliche mathematische Hypothesen:
(1)
(2)
(3)
Voraussetzungen:
• Normalverteiltes und intervallskalierte Differenzwerte in der Population
• Test der Normalverteiltheit z.B. Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Test mit H0: “Die Variable ist normalverteilt”
• Unabhängige Messungen innerhalb einer Stichprobe
- Keine Varianzhomogenität nötig

Allgemeines Vorgehen:
1) Formulierung der Null- und Alternativhypothese

2) Berechnung der Mittelwerts Schätzer für Populationsstreuung und
Standardfehler des Mittelwerts der Differenzvariable

3) Berechnung des empirischen t-Werts

4) Vergleich mit kritischem t-Wert

5) Interpretation und Entscheidung für H0 oder H1.

Beispiel:

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